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A possible mechanism of exosomal non-coding RNAs in osteoarthritis and impaired fracture healing (schematic). (A) Exosomal non-coding RNAs secreted by chondrocytes and MSCs produce pathological effects on each other through different mechanisms. (B) Endothelial progenitors and MSCs promote fracture healing and angiogenesis by transporting lncRNAs and miRNAs, respectively. ↑: promotion; ↓: inhibition.
