TABLE 3.
The role of exosomal non-coding RNAs in impaired fracture healing.
| Origin of exosomes | Exosomes cargo | Pathway | ncRNA expression | Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MSCs | miR-126 | HIF-1α | low | promoted fracture healing | Liu et al. (2020) |
| MSCs | miR-128-3p | Smad 5 | N/A | regulated bone formation and fracture healing | Xu et al. (2020b) |
| M1D | miR-5106 | SIK2 | high | induced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs | Xiong et al. (2020) |
| M2D | SIK3 | low | |||
| MSCs | miR-21 | N/A | high | may help to enhance bone formation and angiogenesis | Furuta et al. (2016) |
| miR-4532 | |||||
| miR-125b-5p | |||||
| miR-338-3p | |||||
| Endothelial progenitors | LncRNA MALAT1 | miRNA-124 | N/A | stimulated the recruitment of osteoclast precursor cells and differentiation leading to bone repair | Cui et al. (2019) |