Ogden 2015.

Study characteristics
Methods	Design: RCT Study dates: November 2007 to November 2009 Recruitment: no details Location: USA (Idaho, Texas, Florida, and Oregon) Setting: ambulatory setting, with in 24‐hour of confinement in‐clinic at weeks 0, 12, and 24
Participants	Number randomised: 131 Characteristics: 49.6% women; mean age 42 years; no information on mean cigarettes smoked per day or FTND score Specialist population: aged 28–55 years Inclusion criteria Currently smoke ≥ 15 cigarettes per day Smoked cigarettes for past ≥ 10 years Aged 28–55 years Agree to refrain from alcohol for 24 hours before study visits No intention to quit smoking within next month, but willing to switch to alternative tobacco product Exclusion criteria Medical conditions that were a safety concern or would interfere with study BMI < 18.5 or ≥ 35.0 kg/m2 Use of nicotine‐containing products other than cigarettes in 6 months prior to screening Use drugs or supplements likely to interfere with study Positive alcohol or drug test Past alcohol or drug problems Given blood in past 30 days, or received blood in past 2 months Pregnant or lactating People of childbearing potential who did not agree to use contraception
Interventions	Randomised (1:1:1 ratio) to use a carbon tip HTP, snus, or continue smoking cigarettes Heated tobacco arm Device heating method: carbon tip Device name: Eclipse Device manufacturer: R.J Reynolds (BAT) Other instructions and details: provided with heated tobacco sticks, with choice of menthol or non‐menthol products Behavioural support: provided information about HTP. Compensated for recording use of nicotine and tobacco products in interactive voice recording system diary  Instructions for smoking cessation/switching: switch entirely to Eclipse for study period Snus arm Other instructions and details: provided snus with 3 flavour options (spice, original, and frost) Behavioural support: provided information about snus. Compensated for recording use of nicotine and tobacco products in interactive voice response system diary  Instructions for smoking cessation/switching: switch to snus use for study period Cigarette smoking arm Other instructions and details: provided with ultra‐low machine yield cigarettes, with choice of menthol or non‐menthol cigarettes Behavioural support: compensated for recording use of nicotine and tobacco products in interactive voice recording system diary  Instructions for smoking cessation/switching: switch to smoking ultra‐low machine yield cigarettes
Outcomes	Follow‐up time points: 12 and 24 weeks Abstinence outcomes: N/A Safety outcomes: biomarkers of toxicant and carcinogen exposure; adverse events; serious adverse events Prevalence/sales outcomes: N/A
Notes	Funding source Tobacco industry funded: quote: "All authors are current employees of RAI Services Company or R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company". Author conflicts of interest Quote: "All authors are current employees of RAI Services Company or R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company".
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details on random sequence generation.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Randomised using an Interactive Voice Response System.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All outcomes were biological.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Attrition 25% overall, but differed by < 20% points across groups (23% in heated tobacco, 33% in snus, and 21% in cigarette arms).
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No preregistered analysis plan, as trial registration was added several years after data were collected.