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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 9.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst. 2021 Dec 9;15(5):877–897. doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2021.3112756

Fig. 2:

Fig. 2:

Standard and emerging electrodes for neural recording and stimulation via noninvasive, minimally-invasive, and invasive technologies; (a) Standard scalp-EEG electrodes. (b) The Epios subscalp EEG device for chronic epilepsy monitoring [39]. (c) Standard and high-density ECoG [40]. (d) Stereo-EEG leads [41]. (e) Clinical DBS (Medtronic’s FDA-approved 3389, left), emerging directional DBS leads (8-channel direct STNAcute and 40-channel Medtronic-Sapiens, middle) and the Willsie and Dorval 1760-contact micro-DBS lead (right) [42].