Fig. 3:
Existing clinical or research-based closed-loop neuromodulation devices (with or without on-device ML); (a) The NeuroPace RNS device for epilepsy. (b) The AspireSR (Cyberonics, now known as LivaNova) device for epilepsy. (c) The Medtronic Percept PC device for movement disorders. (d) The Newronika AlphaDBS system for Parkinson’s disease. (e) The DyNeuMo Mk-1 system for movement disorders.