Table 1:
Summary of CVD Risk Prediction Models Commonly Used in PLWH
| Model | Source population | Mean age (years) |
Females | Black race | Current or former smoker |
Risk factors | Predicted outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Framingham Heart Study (FHS)- CVD21 | US adults from the Framingham Heart Study Original and Offspring Cohorts (Framingham, MA, US) | 49 | 50% | <10% | 35% | Age, SBP, BP Rx, smoking, total cholesterol, HDL-C, diabetes (sex-specific estimates) | Composite CHD (coronary death, MI, coronary insufficiency, angina), cerebrovascular events (stroke, TIA), PAD, heart failure |
| ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort equations (PCE)19 | US adults from 4 cohorts | 40-70 (variable by cohort) | 56% | 21% | 24-30% | Age, SBP, BP Rx, smoking, total cholesterol, HDL-C, diabetes (sex- and race-specific estimates) | MI, fatal or nonfatal stroke, CHD death |
| Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) high-risk Equation (SCORE)24 | Adults from 12 European countries | Variable by cohort | 43% | Not reported | 20-40% in women, 40-60% in men | Age, sex, SBP, smoking, total cholesterol | CHD death, fatal stroke |
| Data Collection on Adverse Effects of Antiretroviral Drugs (D: A:D) Study model35 | HIV-infected adults from clinics in the U.S., Europe, Argentina, and Australia | 39 | 26% | Not reported | 69% | Age, sex, SBP, smoking, total cholesterol, diabetes, ever smoke, family history of CVD, CD4 count, years of use of PIs and NRTIs, current abacavir use | Composite CVD (fatal or nonfatal MI including sudden death, stroke, TIA, invasive coronary artery procedures including CABG, angioplasty, death from other CHD) |
Note: Summary statistics provided are approximate and are taken from source publications of the study. CHD death included fatal MI, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), or coronary artery disease (CAD). PVD and CAD diagnoses were confirmed on the basis of aortography, angiography, or arterial Doppler. Abbreviations: ACC/AHA, American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association; BP Rx, blood pressure treatment; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CHD, coronary heart disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MI, myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TIA, transient ischemic attack; NRTIs, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; PIs, protease inhibitors.