Table 3. Non-quantitative proteomic profiling of King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) venom.
| Reference | Vonk et al. [59] | Vejayan et al. [60] | Danpaiboon et al. [61] | Melani et al. [62] | Kunalan et al. [63] | Wongtay et al. [64] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geographical origin | Indonesia, Bali Island | Malaysia, specific locale unknown | Thailand, specific locale unknown | Malaysia, specific locale unknown | Malaysia, Perlis (northwest Malaysia) | Thailand, Phetchabun, Songkhla, Suratthani |
| Specimen habitat and source | Unspecified | Unspecified, from local vendor | Captivity, from Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute | Captivity, from Kentucky Reptile Zoo in USA | Captivity, from a snake enthusiast | Unclear, captive-born was included |
| Number of specimens | 1 | Unspecified | Unspecified | 2 | Unspecified | One per locale, total of 3 |
| Specimen growth state | Adult | Unspecified | Unspecified | Unspecified | Unspecified | Unspecified |
| Specimen sex | Unspecified | Unspecified | Unspecified | Unspecified | Unspecified | Unspecified |
| Methodology | Whole venom in-solution digestion LC-MS/MS | 2D-PAGE In-gel digestion MALDI-TOF MS | 2D-PAGE In-gel digestion LC-MS/MS | GELFrEE Solution isoelectric focusing In-solution digestion LC-MS/MS | Gel-filtration chromatography In-solution digestion LC-MS/MS | 2D-PAGE In-gel digestion MALDI-TOF MS |
| Detection | Occurrence of toxin in percentage1 (number of proteins in parentheses) | Number of proteins | Number of proteins | Number of proteins (number of distinct proteoforms in parentheses) | Occurrence of toxin in percentage1 (number of proteins in parentheses) | +: Detected |
| Toxin family | ||||||
| 3FTx | 41.1% (30) | 7 | 16 | 57 (29) | 31.0% (55) | + |
| SVMP | 24.7% (18) | - | 4 | 14 | 25.0% (44) | - |
| PLA2 | 5.5% (4) | 4 | 5 | 10 (9) | 5.0% (9) | + |
| CRiSP | 6.8% (5) | - | 3 | 3 (3) | 9.0% (15) | + |
| KSPI | 4.1% (3) | - | 3 | 2 (8) | 3.0% (6) | - |
| LAAO | 1.4% (1) | - | 1 | 2 | 2.0% (3) | - |
| CVF / OVF | 5.5% (4) | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4.0% (7) | - |
| Vespryn | 1.4% (1) | 1 | 2 | 3 (4) | 1.0% (2) | + |
| ILGF | - | - | 1 | 3 | 3.0% (5) | - |
| NP | 1.4% (1) | - | - | - | - | + |
| SVSP | 4.1% (3) | 1 | - | 1 | 1.0% (2) | - |
| Cystatin | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| PDE | 1.4% (1) | - | 1 | - | 6.0% (11) | - |
| NGF | - | - | - | - | 1.0% (2) | - |
| AChE | - | - | - | - | 1.0% (2) | - |
| Neprilysin | - | - | - | - | 1.0% (1) | - |
| PLB | - | - | - | - | 1.0% (1) | - |
| 5NT | - | - | 1 | - | 2.0% (3) | - |
| VEGF | 2.7% (2) | - | - | 3 | 1.0% (1) | + |
| CTL | - | - | - | - | 1.0% (2) | + |
| Waprin | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Others | - | 1 Thioredoxin | 4 Hypothetical 4 Other | 2 Disintegrin 25 non-toxin 1 SVGF | 2.0% (3) SVGF 1.0% (2) Endonuclease | + (unspecified) |
3FTx: three-finger toxin; 5NT: 5' nucleotidase; AChE: acetylcholinesterase; CRiSP: cysteine-rich secretory protein; CTL: C-type lectin; CVF: cobra venom factor; GELFrEE: Gel-eluted liquid fraction entrapment electrophoresis; ILGF: insulin-like growth factor; KSPI: Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor; LAAO: L-amino acid oxidase; LC-MS/MS: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; NGF: nerve growth factor; NP: natriuretic peptide; OVF: Ophiophagus venom factor; PAGE: polyacylamide gel electrophoresis; PDE: phosphodiesterase; PLA2: phospholipase A2; PLB: phospholipase-B; SVGF: snake venom growth factor; SVMP: snake venom metalloproteinase; SVSP: snake venom serine protease; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.
+: indicates detection; -: indicates not reported.
A ratio obtained whereby the number of proteins in a family is divided by the total number of all proteins detected in proteome.