Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Jan 5;10(1):e003760. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003760

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Live BmΔvjbR treatment activates CD8⁺ T cells to produce proinflammatory cytokines by polarizing macrophages. (A, B) Cytokine array analysis of the culture medium of BMDMs after treatment with 1× PBS (Ctrl), HK or live) BmΔvjbR for 24 hours shown live BmΔvjbR promotes BMDMs to secret proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. (C, D) Flowcytometric analysis of CD38 expression on BMDMs after treatment with HK or live BmΔvjbR for 24 hours. (E) Coculturing with live BmΔvjbR-infected BMDMs activates CD8⁺ T cells to produce granzyme B and perforin (left) and express activation markers and cytokines (right heatmap). (F, G) Cocultivation with live BmΔvjbR-infected BMDMs increases the glycolysis of CD8⁺ T cells. Data represent means±SD from three independent experiments. *, **, ***Significance at p<0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively. BMDM, bone marrow-derived macrophage; Ctrl, control; ECAR, extracellular acidification rate; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor;HK, heat-killed; IFN-γ, interferon gamma; IL, interleukin; IP-10, interferon gamma-induced protein 10; KC, keratinocytes-derived chemokine; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; M-CSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; ns, not significant; RANTES, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; SSC, side scatter; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha.