Table 3.
Prevalence of marijuana use during pregnancy by MOUD and other substance exposures stratified by study group (N = 251)
| Co-exposures | OUD (n = 125) | OUD + alcohol (n = 57) | Alcohol (n = 69) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marijuana use (n = 54) |
No Marijuana use (n = 71) | Marijuana use (n = 30) |
No Marijuana use (n = 27) | Marijuana use (n = 32) | No marijuana use (n = 37) | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Type of MOUD | – | – | ||||
| Methadone | 18 (37.5) | 30 (62.5) | 9 (42.9) | 12 (57.1) | – | – |
| Buprenorphine | 33 (45.8) | 39 (54.2) | 21 (58.3) | 15 (41.7) | – | – |
| Methadone and buprenorphine | 3 (60.0) | 2 (40.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | – |
| Other opioidsa | ||||||
| Heroin | 25 (49.0) | 26 (51.0) | 14 (56.0) | 11 (44.0) | – | – |
| Opioid analgesicsb | 16 (53.3) | 14 (46.7) | 11 (52.4) | 10 (47.6) | 5 (55.6) | 4 (44.4) |
| Opiates detected by UDS only | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (100.0) | – | – |
| Polysubstance usec | 25 (55.6) | 20 (44.4) | 17 (58.6) | 12 (41.4) | 10 (58.8) | 7 (41.2) |
| Tobacco use | 48 (47.1) | 54 (52.9) | 27 (54.0) | 23 (46.0) | 14 (56.0) | 11 (44.0) |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average ounces of alcohol per day, LMP to Visit 1d | 0.0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0 (1.6) | 0.7 (1.1) | 1.3 (2.2) | 0.6 (1.5) |
| AUDIT score1 | 1.1 (1.7) | 0.6 (1.0) | 11.8 (8.4) | 15.6 (10.9) | 14.2 (8.1) | 10.3 (9.0) |
OUD opioid use disorder, GED General Educational Development, MOUD medication for opioid use disorder, UDS urine drug screen, LMP last menstrual period
aCategories are not mutually exclusive
bOpioid analgesic use in the Alcohol group was directed by a physician and did not constitute misuse
cPolysubstance use defined as using at least one other substance including: stimulants, benzodiazepines, sedatives, prescription medications (Soma/Carisoprodol), or hallucinogens
dAverage absolute ounces of alcohol per day across two 30-day timeline follow-back (TLFB) calendars
1p < 0.01 (Wald test from logistic regression model for the interaction between the AUDIT score and group classification)