Table 1.
Prevalence of ADL and iADL limitations (standardised by age and sex) as totals and by sex and EU Member States
Source: EHIS 2 (2013-2015)
| ADL limitation1 | iADL limitation2 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women (n=45,197) | Men (n=33,817) | Total (n=79,014) | Women (n=45,230) | Men (n=33,824) | Total (n=79,054) | |||||||
| % | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | % | (95% CI) | |
| Austria | 5.9 | (4.3-8.1) | 2.4 | (1.5-3.9) | 4.2 | (3.2-5.5) | 21.2 | (18.3-24.4) | 10.4 | (7.7-14.0) | 15.9 | (13.9-18.3) |
| Belgium | 19.1 | (15.9-22.7) | 11.3 | (8.8-14.3) | 15.3 | (13.2-17.7) | 39.5 | (35.4-43.7) | 24.4 | (20.8-28.3) | 32.2 | (29.3-35.3) |
| Bulgaria | 14.9 | (12.8-17.3) | 12.3 | (9.9-15.2) | 13.6 | (12.0-15.5) | 40.5 | (37.5-43.6) | 32.7 | (29.2-36.5) | 26.8 | (34.2-39.4) |
| Croatia | 12.0 | (9.8-14.6) | 6.8 | (5.0-9.2) | 9.5 | (8.0-11.3) | 33.7 | (30.3-37.3) | 22.2 | (18.7-26.0) | 28.2 | (25.6-31.0) |
| Cyprus | 13.6 | (10.5-17.4) | 6.5 | (4.5-9.2) | 10.2 | (8.3-12.5) | 49.1 | (44.7-53.5) | 27.3 | (23.2-31.7) | 38.6 | (35.3-41.9) |
| Czech Republic | 11.4 | (9.6-13.5) | 10.2 | (8.1-12.9) | 10.8 | (9.4-12.5) | 39.5 | (36.8-42.3) | 30.7 | (27.3-34.3) | 35.2 | (33.0-37.5) |
| Denmark | 4.1 | (2.9-5.9) | 2.5 | (1.6-4.1) | 3.3 | (2.5-4.5) | 16.5 | (14.0-19.2) | 12.4 | (10.1-15.1) | 14.4 | (12.7-16.3) |
| Estonia | 9.7 | (7.9-11.9) | 6.5 | (4.4-9.6) | 8.3 | (6.8-10.0) | 28.3 | (25.4-31.5) | 20.7 | (17.0-25.1) | 24.9 | (22.5-27.4) |
| Finland | 6.8 | (5.3-8.6) | 4.8 | (3.3-7.0) | 5.8 | (4.7-7.2) | 17.8 | (15.5-20.3) | 14.7 | (12.0-17.8) | 16.3 | (14.5-18.2) |
| France | 9.9 | (8.4-11.7) | 5.9 | (4.7-7.3) | 8.0 | (7.0-9.1) | 29.5 | (27.1-32.0) | 15.8 | (13.9-18.0) | 23.0 | (21.3-24.7) |
| Germany3 | 7.8 | (6.7-9.2) | 4.6 | (3.8-5.6) | 6.3 | (5.5-7.1) | 16.6 | (15.0-18.3) | 11.2 | (9.9-12.8) | 14.0 | (12.9-15.1) |
| Greece | 12.7 | (10.9-14.7) | 9.7 | (7.8-11.9) | 11.2 | (9.9-12.7) | 38.7 | (36.0-41.5) | 24.6 | (21.7-27.8) | 32.0 | (29.9-34.1) |
| Hungary | 13.0 | (10.7-15.6) | 8.8 | (6.4-12.0) | 11.0 | (9.3-13.0) | 39.8 | (36.3-43.5) | 23.4 | (19.5-27.7) | 32.1 | (29.4-34.9) |
| Ireland | 6.8 | (5.6-8.4) | 6.0 | (4.7-7.8) | 6.4 | (5.5-7.5) | 23.3 | (21.1-25.7) | 19.1 | (16.8-21.7) | 21.3 | (19.6-23.0) |
| Italy | 12.7 | (11.7-13.8) | 7.3 | (6.4-8.4) | 10.1 | (9.4-10.9) | 35.2 | (33.6-36.8) | 20.6 | (19.1-22.1) | 28.2 | (27.0-29.3) |
| Latvia | 11.6 | (10.0-13.4) | 8.0 | (6.0-10.5) | 10.0 | (8.7-11.4) | 43.1 | (40.4-45.9) | 33.6 | (29.8-37.5) | 38.8 | (36.6-41.2) |
| Lithuania | 13.2 | (11.3-15.4) | 8.4 | (6.2-11.2) | 11.0 | (9.5-12.7) | 39.8 | (36.8-42.9) | 29.6 | (25.7-33.9) | 35.2 | (32.7-37.7) |
| Luxemburg | 4.9 | (2.8-8.5) | 5.5 | (3.4-8.8) | 5.2 | (3.6-7.5) | 20.3 | (15.8-25.7) | 13.2 | (9.9-17.5) | 16.8 | (13.8-20.2) |
| Malta | 6.6 | (4.6-9.2) | 3.8 | (2.3-6.3) | 5.2 | (3.9-6.9) | 34.0 | (30.0-38.2) | 19.2 | (15.6-23.5) | 26.6 | (23.9-29.6) |
| Netherlands | 13.3 | (11.1-15.8) | 10.3 | (8.3-12.9) | 11.8 | (10.3-13.6) | 35.6 | (32.4-38.9) | 23.5 | (20.5-26.7) | 29.6 | (27.4-31.9) |
| Poland | 10.7 | (9.5-12.0) | 9.0 | (7.6-10.7) | 9.9 | (9.0-10.9) | 40.7 | (38.8-42.7) | 27.8 | (25.6-30.1) | 34.5 | (33.0-36.1) |
| Portugal | 13.3 | (11.6-15.3) | 6.6 | (5.3-8.2) | 10.2 | (9.0-11.4) | 46.2 | (43.7-48.8) | 14.4 | (12.5-16.5) | 31.3 | (29.6-33.1) |
| Romania | 6.6 | (5.6-7.8) | 5.2 | (4.1-6.4) | 5.9 | (5.2-6.8) | 38.5 | (36.4-40.7) | 29.4 | (27.1-31.7) | 34.1 | (32.4-35.8) |
| Slovakia | 12.0 | (9.7-14.7) | 10.8 | (7.8-14.6) | 11.4 | (9.5-13.6) | 43.1 | (39.5-46.8) | 33.7 | (29.0-38.7) | 38.6 | (35.6-41.6) |
| Slovenia | 11.5 | (9.3-14.1) | 9.1 | (6.5-12.7) | 10.3 | (8.5-12.4) | 34.7 | (31.4-38.3) | 25.0 | (21.3-29.2) | 30.0 | (27.4-32.6) |
| Sweden | 4.9 | (3.3-7.3) | 3.1 | (1.9-5.0) | 4.0 | (2.9-5.4) | 12.2 | (9.6-15.4) | 11.4 | (9.0-14.4) | 11.8 | (10.0-14.0) |
| Spain | 13.4 | (12.2-14.7) | 7.8 | (6.6-9.1) | 10.6 | (9.8-11.6) | 40.3 | (38.4-42.2) | 23.3 | (21.5-25.3) | 32.0 | (30.7-33.4) |
| United Kingdom | 6.8 | (6.0-7.8) | 3.8 | (3.1-4.6) | 5.4 | (4.8-6.0) | 23.1 | (21.5-24.7) | 14.3 | (12.9-15.8) | 18.8 | (17.7-19.9) |
| EU | 10.2 | (9.8-10.6) | 6.5 | (6.2-6.9) | 8.4 | (8.2-8.7) | 30.8 | (30.2-31.3) | 19.2 | (18.7-19.8) | 25.2 | (24.8-25.6) |
CI = Confidence interval, EU=Average across EU Member States for which data are available
1 ADL limitation = At least a lot of difficulty in at least one of five ADLs (activities of daily living)
2 iADL limitation=At least a lot of difficulty in at least one of seven iADLs (instrumental activities of daily living)
3 Statistically significant differences in ADL limitations: total for Germany vs EU (p<0.001), women in Germany vs EU (p<0.01), men in Germany vs EU (p<0.01);
Statistically significant differences in iADL limitations: total for Germany vs EU (p<0.001), women in Germany vs EU (p<0.001), men in Germany vs EU (p<0.001)