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. 2022 Jan 6;41:12. doi: 10.1186/s13046-021-02215-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — The CD70-CD27 axis and the tumor microenvironement. The CD70-CD27 axis facilitates immune evasion and suppression through different cell populations in the TME. The CD70-CD27 axis is reported to increase Treg survival and proliferation and T cell exhaustion and apoptosis. In addition, the axis has been linked to depletion of NK cells and migration/activation of TAMs. Moreover, expression of CD70 on CAFs can promote immune evasion through Treg accumulation and tumor migration and invasion. Figure created with BioRender.com. Abbreviations; Bcl2, B cell lymphoma 2; CAF, cancer-associated fibroblast; FoxP3, forkhead box P3; IL-2, interleukin 2; NK cell, natural killer cell; PD1, programmed cell death protein 1; sCD27, soluble CD27; Smad3, suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3; STAT5, signal transducer and activator of transcription 5; TAM, tumor-associated macrophage; TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta; TIL, tumor infiltrating lymphocyte; TIM-3, T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3; TME, tumor microenvironment; Treg, regulatory T cell