Table 4.

Advantages and Disadvantages of terminal sterilization methods

Sterilization techniques	Advantages	Disadvantages	References
Gamma Irradiation	Fast Safe	Alters the mechanical strength of bioscaffolds	[81]
Electron Beam Irradiation	High biocompatible Fast Safe	Alters the mechanical strength of bioscaffolds Damages the ECM architecture	[80]
Ethylene Oxide	Has no effect on the ECM ‘s ability to bind T- cells. Has no effect on the secretion of growth factors on fibroblasts.	It alters the structure of the protein, making it impossible to trace these molecules. Changes the mechanical stability of the ECM. Mutagenic Carcinogenic It may promote immune response	[82]
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (principal method for terminal sterilization)	A practical method High biocompatible keeping the mechanical properties Preservation of scaffold stability Safe	No disadvantages have been reported for this method	[47, 81]