Table 2.
Association of baseline hs-CRP and longitudinal hs-CRP changes with incident MetS (N = 4,116)
| Models | Cases / total (%) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
| Hs-CRP quartiles at baseline | ||||
| Quartile 1 (< 0.48) | 80/1,027 (13.85) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
| Quartile 2 (≥ 0.48 to < 0.81) | 130/1,019 (12.43) | 1.73 (1.29, 2.33) | 1.73 (1.29, 2.33) | 1.51 (1.12, 2.06) |
| Quartile 3 (≥ 0.81 to < 1.63) | 144/1,039 (12.35) | 1.90 (1.43, 2.55) | 1.91 (1.44, 2.56) | 1.50 (1.11, 2.04) |
| Quartile 4 (≥ 1.63) | 181/1,031 (13.32) | 2.52 (1.91, 3.35) | 2.53 (1.92, 3.37) | 1.83 (1.37, 2.47) |
| P for trenda | 535/4,116 (13.00) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Log (hs-CRP) level | ||||
| Each 1 mg/L increase | 535/4,116 (13.00) | 1.39 (1.26, 1.55) | 1.40 (1.27, 1.56) | 1.23 (1.10, 1.38) |
| levated hs-CRP b | ||||
| No | 370/3,668 (10.09) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
| Yes | 78/448 (17.41) | 1.48 (1.13, 1.92) | 1.50 (1.14, 1.94) | 1.27 (0.95, 1.67) |
| Groups of absolute changes in hs-CRP during the follow–upc | ||||
| Group1 (≤ 0) | 140/1,479 (9.47) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
| Group 2 (> 0 to ≤ 0.41) | 77/873 (8.82) | 1.33 (0.96, 1.82) | 2.44 (1.84, 3.24) | 3.24 (2.51, 4.02) |
| Group 3 (> 0.41 to ≤ 1.21) | 133/868 (15.32) | 1.30 (0.93, 1.80) | 2.41 (1.80, 3.24) | 3.34 (2.56, 4.38) |
| Group 4 (> 1.21) | 185/896 (20.65) | 1.31 (0.94, 1.82) | 2.51 (1.87, 3.39) | 3.34 (2.54, 4.40) |
| P for trenda | 535/4,116 (13.00) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Groups of percent changes in hs-CRP during the follow–upd | ||||
| Group 1 (≤ 0) | 140/1,479 (9.47) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
| Group 2 (> 0 to ≤ 60%) | 113/870 (12.99) | 1.98 (1.49, 2.64) | 2.26 (1.69, 3.01) | 3.29 (2.50, 4.37) |
| Group 3 (> 60% to ≤ 181%) | 120/871 (13.78) | 1.87 (1.39, 2.52) | 2.22 (1.65, 3.00) | 3.71 (2.78, 4.99) |
| Group 4 (> 181%) | 162/996 (16.27) | 1.91 (1.41, 2.58) | 2.24 (1.65, 3.03) | 3.76 (2.80, 5.09) |
| P for trenda | 535/4,116 (13.00) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Model 1: Non-adjusted
Model 2: Adjusted for age (continuous, years), sex (male and female), education level (illiterate, primary school, middle school, and high school or above), and residence (urban and rural)
Model 3: Adjusted for the variables in Model 2 and cigarette smoking (never, former, and current), alcohol drinking (never, former, and current), BMI (continuous, kg/m2), hypertension (yes and no), dyslipidemia (yes and no), diabetes (yes and no), heart disease (yes and no) and stroke (yes and no)
Baseline hs-CRP (continuous, mg/L) was additionally adjusted for as a covariate in the analysis of quartiles of absolute changes (or percent changes) in SUA during the follow–up
CI, confidence interval; hs-CRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; MetS, metabolic syndrome; OR, odds ratio
aP values for trend were estimated by modelling serum hs-CRP using the median for each category
bElevated hs-CRP was categorized into two groups: yes (higher than 3 mg/L) and no (lower than 3 mg/L)
cParticipants were categorized into four groups: Group 1 included participants with negative or null changes, and Group 2–4 were tertiles for the remaining participants
dParticipants were categorized into four groups: Group 1 included participants with negative or null percent changes, and Group 2–4 were tertiles for the remaining participants