Table 2. Baseline Characteristics Based on the Status of Falls.
| Variable | Fall (N = 67) | No fall (N = 130) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age mean (SD) | 77.5 (6.3) | 75.5 (7.3) | 0.053 |
| Gender | |||
| Male (n, %) | 30 (44.8) | 64 (49.2) | 0.553 |
| Female (n, %) | 37 (55.2) | 66 (50.8) | |
| Race | |||
| Caucasian (n, %) | 47 (70.2) | 79 (60.8) | 0.365 |
| African-American (n, %) | 9 (13.4) | 27 (20.7) | |
| Other (n, %) | 11 (16.4) | 24 (18.5) | |
| Social factors | |||
| Cigarettes (n, %) | 14 (20.9) | 24 (18.5) | 0.682 |
| Alcohol (n, %) | 15 (22.4) | 48 (36.9) | 0.038 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| CAD (n, %) | 44 (65.7) | 55 (42.3) | 0.002 |
| CVA (n, %) | 11 (16.4) | 10 (7.7) | 0.060 |
| PAD (n, %) | 32 (47.8) | 42 (32.3) | 0.034 |
| Dementia (n, %) | 19 (28.4) | 16 (12.3) | 0.026 |
| Osteoarthritis (n, %) | 46 (68.7) | 89 (68.5) | 0.978 |
| CAS (n, %) | 15 (22.4) | 14 (10.8) | 0.029 |
| CHF (n, %) | 17 (25.4) | 17 (13.1) | 0.030 |
| Dizziness (n, %) | 30 (44.8) | 45 (34.6) | 0.164 |
| Anemia (n, %) | 39 (58.2) | 59 (45.4) | 0.088 |
| CKD (n, %) | 38 (56.7) | 75 (57.7) | 0.896 |
| COPD (n, %) | 17 (25.4) | 24 (18.5) | 0.258 |
| Syncope (n, %) | 19 (28.4) | 10 (7.7) | < 0.001 |
| Peripheral neuropathy (n, %) | 42 (62.7) | 77 (59.2) | 0.639 |
| Bunions and callouses (n, %) | 28 (41.8) | 46 (35.4) | 0.379 |
| Hammertoe (n, %) | 13 (19.4) | 26 (20.0) | 0.921 |
| Vitals | |||
| SBP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 129 (13.7) | 130 (13.0) | 0.780 |
| DBP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 73 (9.8) | 73 (10.0) | 0.560 |
| Pulse (BPM), mean (SD) | 75 (11.5) | 75 (11.9) | 0.560 |
| Other parameters | |||
| BMI, mean (SD) | 30.7 (6.5) | 31.2 (6.9) | 0.612 |
| HbA1c, mean (SD) | 7.1 (1.1) | 7.2 (1.2) | 0.419 |
| Vitamin D (ng/mL), mean (SD) | 37.1 (17.6) | 32.8 (13.2) | 0.097 |
| Vitamin B12 (µg/mL), mean (SD) | 798.7 (520.3) | 894.6 (787.4) | 0.409 |
| Medication | |||
| Statin (n, %) | 55 (82.1) | 105 (80.8) | 0.822 |
| Aspirin (n, %) | 46 (68.7) | 77 (59.2) | 0.196 |
| Insulin (n, %) | 17 (25.4) | 34 (26.2) | 0.908 |
| OHA (n, %) | 51 (76.1) | 101 (77.7) | 0.803 |
| ACE-I (n, %) | 20 (29.9) | 30 (23.1) | 0.301 |
| ARB (n, %) | 27 (40.3) | 53 (40.8) | 0.949 |
SD: standard deviation; CAD: coronary artery disease; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; PAD: peripheral artery disease; CAS: carotid artery stenosis; CHF: congestive heart failure; CKD: chronic kidney disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BPM: beats per minute; BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; OHA: oral hypoglycemic agent; ACE-I: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker.