Table 4.
Predictors of peak LT during hospitalization, adjusted for age, sex, chronic medical illness (hypertension, heart failure, chronic renal disease stage 3 or higher, vascular disease, malignancy, autoimmune disease, or pulmonary disease), chronic liver disease, myocardial injury, renal injury, other LT, procalcitonin, ferritin, and d-dimer
| Peak LTs during hospitalization | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LT abnormality | Predictor | OR (95% CI) | P value | Model AUC |
| AST ≥ ULN | Elevated peak ALT | 25.127 (12.214–51.691) | <0.001 | 0.882 (0.844–0.919) |
| Peak T. bilirubin ≥ 1.0 mg/dl | 4.236 (1.172–15.313) | 0.028 | ||
| Peak procalcitonin ≥ 0.5 | 4.586 (1.947–10.800) | <0.001 | ||
| Peak ferritin ≥ 500 | 2.457 (1.292–4.672) | 0.006 | ||
| Peak d-dimer ≥ 1.0 | 2.115 (1.093–4.092) | 0.026 | ||
| ALT ≥ ULN | Male sex | 2.310 (1.234–4.325) | 0.009 | 0.875 (0.839–0.911) |
| Tn ≥ 0.05 ng/ml | 0.411 (0.187–0.903) | 0.027 | ||
| Elevated peak AST | 28.859 (13.928–59.795) | <0.001 | ||
| Elevated peal ALP | 2.545 (1.029–6.299) | 0.043 | ||
| ALP ≥ ULN | Male sex | 0.506 (0.279–0.919) | 0.025 | 0.727 (0.672–0.783) |
| Elevated peak ALT | 3.462 (1.581–7.584) | 0.002 | ||
| Peak T. bilirubin ≥ 1.0 mg/dl | 2.749 (1.474–5.128) | 0.001 | ||
| Peak Tn ≥ 0.05 ng/ml | 1.885 (1.040–3.418) | 0.037 | ||
| Peak procalcitonin ≥ 0.5 | 1.983 (1.129–3.483) | 0.017 | ||
| T. bilirubin ≥ 1.0 mg/dl | Male sex | 5.998 (2.703–13.309) | <0.001 | 0.809 (0.763–0.854) |
| Elevated peak AST | 6.323 (1.864–21.446) | 0.003 | ||
| Elevated peak ALP | 2.824 (1.429–5.580) | 0.003 | ||
| AKI | 2.162 (1.013–4.615) | 0.046 | ||
| Peak Procalcitonin ≥ 0.5 | 1.914 (1.025–3.573) | 0.042 | ||
| AST ≥ 3 × ULN | Peak ALT ≥ 3 × ULN | 26.321 (11.096–62.434) | <0.001 | 0.922 (0.891–0.952) |
| Elevated peak ALP | 3.153 (1.424–6.986) | 0.005 | ||
| Peak T bilirubin ≥ 1.0 mg/dl | 3.298 (1.477–7.368) | 0.004 | ||
| Peak d-dimer ≥ 1.0 | 2.889 (1.043–8.001) | 0.041 | ||
| ALT ≥ 3 × ULN | Peak AST ≥ 3 × ULN | 22.867 (9.556–54.716) | <0.001 | 0.841 (0.798–0.884) |
| Elevated peak ALP | 2.099 (1.040–4.236) | 0.038 | ||
| Peak Ferritin ≥ 500 | 5.252 (1.932–14.278) | 0.001 | ||
| AST or ALT ≥ ULN | Age | 0.971 (0.952–0.990) | 0.003 | 0.815 (0.766–0.863) |
| Elevated peak ALP | 5.398 (1.784–16.331) | 0.003 | ||
| Peak T. bilirubin ≥ 1.0 mg/dl | 4.194 (1.214–14.491) | 0.023 | ||
| Peak ferritin ≥ 500 | 3.558 (1.993–6.350) | <0.001 | ||
| Peak procalcitonin ≥ 0.5 | 2.187 (1.001–4.779) | 0.050 | ||
| AST or ALT ≥ 3 × ULN | Elevated peak ALP | 3.775 (2.068–6.892) | <0.001 | 0.790 (0.746–0.834) |
| Peak T. bilirubin ≥ 1.0 mg/dl | 2.478 (1.353–4.542) | 0.003 | ||
| Peak ferritin ≥ 500 | 5.743 (2.426–13.594) | <0.001 | ||
AKI, acute kidney injury; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval; LT, liver test; OR, odds ratio; ULN, upper limit of normal.