Table 1.

The effect of P. gingivalis on endothelial cells.

Stimulus component	Signal pathway	Target	Outcome	References
LPS	TLRs–NF-κB	p65	Oxidative stress	(22)
Unknown	GSK-3β/BH4/eNOS/Nrf2	DHFR, GCH-1, NrF2	Oxidative stress	(107, 108)
Gingipains	Caspase pathway	Caspase-3,8,9,12	Apoptosis	(130, 142)
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)	TLRs–NF-κB	p38, Erk1/2, p65	EndMT	(111, 127)
Unknown	TLRs–NF-κB	Unknown	Proliferation	(127)
Rab5, MPR	Unknown	Unknown	Autophagy	(140)
FimA, LPS, gingipains, OMVs	NF-κB	MCP-1, Rac1, PI3K	Adhesion	(114–116)