Table 4.

Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy^a.

Characteristics		Odds ratio (95% CI)	P value
Gender
	Male	Refb
	Female	1.967 (1.353-2.86)	<.001
Age (years)
	18-29	Ref
	30-39	1.052 (0.538-2.059)	.88
	40-49	0.467 (0.23-0.945)	.03
	50-59	0.47 (0.229-0.964)	.04
	≥60	0.49 (0.239-0.99)	.04
Education level
	Under middle school	Ref
	High school graduate	0.373 (0.12-1.162)	.09
	College	0.293 (0.092-0.929)	.04
	Graduate school	0.377 (0.099-1.438)	.15
Income level (million won)c
	<2	Ref
	2-3.99	1.114 (0.681-1.824)	.67
	4-5.99	0.871 (0.489-1.553)	.64
	6-7.99	0.923 (0.485-1.758)	.81
	≥8	2.09 (0.816-5.353)	.12
Marital status
	Single/divorced/bereaved	Ref
	Married	1.099 (0.642-1.882)	.73
Presence of children
	None	Ref
	More than 1	1.504 (0.853-2.652)	.16
Residential area
	Urban	Ref
	Town	1.324 (0.752-2.331)	.33
Influenza vaccination history
	No	Ref
	Yes	0.501 (0.337-0.746)	.001
Underlying disease
	None	Ref
	More than 1	1.213 (0.796-1.846)	.37
Subjective health
	Bad	Ref
	Moderate	0.893 (0.50-1.596)	.70
	Good	0.999 (0.533-1.872)	.99
COVID-19 infection experience
	Not infected	Ref
	Confirmed	3.419 (0.836-13.982)	.09
Media use
	Social media	1.455 (1.101-1.922)	.008
	Online media	0.838 (0.616-1.139)	.26
	Offline media	0.939 (0.736-1.197)	.61
Psychological factors
	Perceived susceptibility	0.685 (0.516-0.909)	.009
	Perceived severity	0.898 (0.679-1.187)	.45
	Perceived benefits	0.067 (0.045-0.099)	<.001
	Perceived barriers	1.631 (1.285-2.069)	<.001
	Trust in government	0.719 (0.528-0.978)	.04

^aNagelkerke R²=0.61.

^bRef: reference value.

^cCurrency exchange conversion rate of 1000 won=US $0.87 is applicable.