Table 2.
Comparison of baseline characteristics between tolvaptan responder and nonresponders
| Variable | Responders (n = 15) | Nonresponders (n = 17) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | Age (years) | 74 (47–84) | 78 (56–86) | 0.571 |
| Sex (male/female) | 11/4 | 14/3 | 0.424 | |
| Body weight (kg) | 66.0 (45.3–102.1) | 60.9 (47.6–84.2) | 0.332 | |
| Reduction in body weight (kg) | 3.0 (2.0–6.4) | 0.2 (0.0–1.8) | <0.01* | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.6 (20.7–36.6) | 23.9 (18.5–29.7) | 0.218 | |
| Etiology (HBV/HCV/alcohol/others) | 3/6/2/4 | 3/9/4/1 | 0.399 | |
| Child–Pugh class (B/C) | 6/9 | 5/12 | 0.398 | |
| Child–Pugh score (points) | 10 (8–12) | 10 (8–13) | 0.450 | |
| MELD score (points) | 12 (6–21) | 16 (7–24) | 0.290 | |
| ALBI grade (2/3) | 5/10 | 4/13 | 0.411 | |
| Laboratory data | Serum albumin (g/dl) | 2.5 (1.9–3.3) | 2.5 (1.8–3.6) | 0.806 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dl) | 1.71 (0.43–3.77) | 2.10 (0.78–17.19) | 0.180 | |
| Prothrombin time (%) | 69.1 (27.4–99.0) | 63.5 (26.9–105.9) | 0.509 | |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dl) | 26.3 (13.6–68.8) | 27.0 (11.9–80.2) | 0.678 | |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.03 (0.61–4.45) | 1.26 (0.53–2.40) | 0.720 | |
| eGFR (ml/min) | 42.1 (11.6–99.7) | 45.5 (21.8–116.1) | 0.763 | |
| NH3 (mg/dl) | 52 (20–123) | 62 (22–199) | 0.752 | |
| Serum Na (mEq/l) | 135 (126–143) | 132 (125–143) | 0.126 | |
| Serum osmolality (mOsm/l) | 285 (280–300) | 284 (262–305) | 0.216 | |
| Urine osmolality (mOsm/l) | 464 (269–742) | 421 (339–659) | 0.756 | |
| Reduction of urine osmolality (mOsm/l) | 202 (69–511) | 65 (2–418) | 0.022* | |
| Alpha-fetoprotein (mg/ml) | 63 (3–3379) | 508 (1–376515) | 0.126 | |
| Des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (mAU/ml) | 633 (17–54972) | 137 (10–75000) | 0.533 | |
| Platelet count (×103/μl) | 9.5 (4.0–16.2) | 12.9 (1.9–36.2) | 0.637 | |
| Initial dose of diuretic drugs | Tolvaptan (3.75/7.50 mg/day) | 4/11 | 6/11 | 0.445 |
| Furosemide (mg/day) | 10 (0–40) | 20 (0–80) | 0.193 | |
| Spironolactone (mg/day) | 25 (0–75) | 25 (0–50) | 0.290 | |
| Tumor-related factors | UICC TNM stage (I–II/III–IV) | 12/3 | 7/10 | 0.030* |
| UICC T-factor (1–2/3–4) | 12/3 | 7/10 | 0.030* | |
| Portal vein tumor thrombus (yes/no) | 1/14 | 6/11 | 0.061 | |
| Extrahepatic tumor spread (yes/no) | 0/15 | 4/12 | 0.058 | |
| BCLC staging A–C/D | 6/9 | 5/12 | 0.398 |
P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
ALBI, albumin–bilirubin; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MELD, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; UICC, Union for International Cancer Control.