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. 2021 Dec 23;4:715320. doi: 10.3389/fdata.2021.715320

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Copyright © 2021 He and Cheng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Testing error of the rare class decreases along with training error. In the top row, IEEE 39-bus power system data is used; In the bottom row, Spam data is used.