TABLE 3.

Testing error ${ϵ}_{test}^{+}$ for the 39-bus power system data.

Methods	Testing error
	LR	RF	SVM
AdaBoost	0.186	—	—
$\frac{w^{+}}{w^{-}}=\frac{N^{-}}{N^{+}}$	0.097	0.2	0.139
$\frac{w^{+}}{w^{-}}=1$	0.132	0.289	0.674
DiffBoost	0.067	0.089	0.025
AdaClassWeight	0.09	0.133	0.118