Table 4. Multinomial logistic regression differentiating stage of elevated blood pressure from stage 1 hypertension, stage 2 hypertension, and hypertension crisis.
| Stage 1 Hypertension | Stage 2 Hypertension | Hypertension Crisis | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Categories | B | Wald χ2-Statistics | OR (95% CI) | P-value | B | Wald χ2-Statistics | OR (95% CI) | P-value | B | Wald χ2-Statistics | OR (95% CI) | P-value |
| Age | 28–37 years | 0.71 | 2.48 | 0.65 (0.23–1.75) | 0.369 | 0.49 | 1.96 | 0.78 (0.34–1.75) | 0.375 | 0.53 | 1.74 | 0.89 (0.33–2.42) | 0.271 |
| 38–47 years | 0.99 | 3.49 | 0.63 (0.26–1.49) | 0.496 | 1.78 | 8.90 | 1.93 (0.26–2.49) | 0.293 | 1.79 | 2.82 | 1.58 (0.41–2.42)* | 0.026* | |
| ≥ 48 years | 1.29 | 3.91 | 5.00 (1.63–15.36)* | 0.01* | 1.93 | 4.36 | 6.00 (2.48–9.56)* | 0.005* | 2.17 | 8.68 | 3.62 (1.99–8.42)* | 0.04* | |
| Sex | Male | 1.71 | 10.44 | 5.54 (1.96–15.67)* | 0.001* | 1.67 | 7.36 | 3.69 (1.68–7.78)* | <0.001* | 1.21 | 4.61 | 2.84 (0.57–5.92)* | 0.001* |
| Marital status | Married | 1.56 | 10.23 | 1.20 (0.67–2.15)* | 0.478 | 1.31 | 6.13 | 1.58 (0.89–3.25)* | 0.001* | 1.79 | 5.21 | 1.83 (0.43–3.64)* | <0.001* |
| Divorced | 1.63 | 5.81 | 1.02 (1.15–7.04)* | 0.013* | 1.54 | 7.32 | 1.62 (1.46–6.42)* | 0.02* | 1.58 | 2.73 | 0.55 (0.14–2.06) | 0.789 | |
| Widowed | 0.76 | 1.83 | 2.16 (0.55–8.47) | 0.371 | 0.94 | 1.36 | 3.13 (0.63–7.93) | 0.74 | 1.48 | 5.39 | 1.24 (0.26–5.90)* | <0.001* | |
| Nationality | Saudi | 0.57 | 0.62 | 3.24 (0.89–11.73) | 0.401 | 0.71 | 0.89 | 6.24 (1.37–12.39) | 0.879 | 1.11 | 1.49 | 0.31 (0.09–1.08) | 0.065 |
| Employment | Unemployed | 0.31 | 0.74 | 0.49 (0.23–1.05) | 0.318 | 0.48 | 0.91 | 0.91 (0.41–1.29) | 0.53 | 0.53 | 1.73 | 0.69 (0.30–1.58) | 0.380 |
| Family History of Hypertension | Yes | 0.85 | 18.19 | 2.35 (1.59–5.48)* | 0.008* | 0.70 | 12.34 | 3.78 (1.23–6.74)* | <0.001* | 0.67 | 8.09 | 1.95 (1.23–3.09)* | 0.004* |
| Smoking status | Past Smoker | -0.67 | 1.99 | 0.51 (0.20–1.30) | 0.254 | -0.56 | 2.31 | 0.70 (0.16–2.96) | 0.158 | -0.74 | 1.89 | 0.47 (0.16–1.37) | 0.169 |
| Current Smoker | 1.35 | 0.60 | 1.70 (0.29–3.72)* | *0.036 | 2.64 | 0.37 | 2.38 (0.87–6.21)* | 0.023* | 3.44 | 7.74 | 1.74 (1.23–4.76)* | 0.002* | |
| Physical activity | No | 1.12 | 9.56 | 3.01 (1.51–6.27)* | *0.02 | 1.82 | 8.23 | 2.51 (1.12–5.97)* | 0.002* | 1.64 | 10.28 | 6.48 (2.46–9.14)* | 0.035* |
Reference categories: 1) Hypertension: stage of elevated blood pressure; 2) Age: 18–27 years, 3) Sex: female; 4) Marital status: single; 5) Nationality: non-Saudi; 6) Employment: employed; 7) Family history of hypertension: no; 8) Smoking status: never smoked; 9) Physical activity: yes.
Abbreviations: OR-Odds Ratio, CI-Confidence Interval.
Note:
* represents significant p-value <0.05.