Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics during hospitalization.
| Total | Mild | Moderate | Severe | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 110 | 11 | 83 | 16 |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, years | 45.0 (33.8, 56.3) | 35.0 (21.0, 45.0) | 45.0 (35.0, 56.0) | 52.5 (45.3, 57.0)* |
| Female | 57 (51.8%) | 5 (45.5%) | 47 (56.6%) | 5 (31.3%) |
| BMI, kg•m−2 | 23.6 (21.9, 25.6) | 23.7 (20.7, 24.5) | 23.4 (21.4, 25.4) | 24.7 (23.6, 26.7) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never smoke | 96 (87.3%) | 10 (91.0%) | 73 (87.9%) | 13 (81.3%) |
| Current smokers | 8 (7.3%) | 1 (9.1%) | 5 (6.0%) | 2 (12.5%) |
| Ever-smokers | 6 (5.5%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (6.0%) | 1 (6.3%) |
| Comorbidities | 28 (25.5%) | 1 (9.1%) | 23 (27.7%) | 4 (25.0%) |
| Hypertension | 15 (13.6%) | 1 (9.1%) | 9 (10.8%) | 5 (31.3%) |
| Diabetes | 9 (8.2%) | 1 (9.1%) | 6 (7.2%) | 2 (12.5%) |
| Liver disease | 6 (5.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (6.0%) | 1 (6.3%) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 2 (1.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (2.4%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Solid tumor | 2 (1.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.2%) | 1 (6.3%) |
| Laboratory | ||||
| CRP > 10 mg/L | 57/110 (51.8%) | 0/11 (0.0%) | 42/83 (50.6%)⁎⁎ | 15/16 (93.8%)**,## |
| SAA > 10 mg/L | 56/91 (61.5%) | 0/9 (0.0%) | 42/68 (61.8%)⁎⁎ | 14/14 (100.0%)**,## |
| D-dimer > 1000 μg/mL | 79/109 (70.9%) | 6/11 (54.5%) | 56/82 (68.3%) | 16/16 (100.0%)**,## |
| Blood cell count† | ||||
| White blood cell, × 109/L | 5.5 ± 2.2 | 6.9 ± 3.0 | 5.2 ± 1.7* | 6.0 ± 3.2 |
| Neutrophils, × 109/L | 3.6 ± 1.9 | 4.4 ± 2.6 | 3.3 ± 1.5 | 4.5 ± 3.0 |
| Lymphocytes, × 109/L | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 1.4 ± 0.6* | 1.1 ± 0.6## |
| Chest CT | ||||
| GGO | 99 (90.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 83 (100.0%)⁎⁎ | 16 (100.0%)⁎⁎ |
| Consolidation | 53 (48.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 42 (50.6%)⁎⁎ | 11 (68.8%)⁎⁎ |
| Crazy paving pattern | 45 (40.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 33 (39.8%)⁎⁎ | 12 (75.0%)**,# |
| Total lesion score | 7.0 (3.0–12.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 7.0 (4.0–11.0)⁎⁎ | 15.5 (11.3–19.8)**,## |
| Peak mMRC score ≥ 1 | 38 (34.5%) | 3 (27.3%) | 30 (36.1%) | 5 (31.2%) |
| Inpatient days | 22.5 (16.0, 28.0) | 17.0 (8.0, 21.0) | 23.0 (16.0, 29.0) | 23.0 (17.5, 27.5) |
| Oxygen therapy | ||||
| Nasal cannula or face mask | 68/110 (61.8%) | 2/11 (18.2%) | 63/83 (75.9%)⁎⁎ | 3/16 (18.8%)## |
| HFNC | 12/110 (10.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 12/16 (75.0%)**,## |
| NIV | 1/110 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1/16 (6.3%) |
1. Data are n (%), n/N (%) or median (IQR). N is the total number of patients with available data.
2. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; SAA, serum amyloid A; GGO, ground-glass opacities; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula. NIV, noninvasive ventilation.
3. *p < 0.05 and ⁎⁎p < 0.01, compared with Mild.
#p < 0.05 and ##p < 0.01, compared with Moderate. Significance values have been adjusted by the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.
4. †Peripheral blood cell count was obtained at the day of admission.