Table 3.
Sequela symptoms and pulmonary function findings in COVID-19 patients categorized by gender in different follow-up periods.
| At discharge |
Month 3 |
Month 6 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | |
| Spirometry | ||||||
| FVC% predicted,% | 94.2 ± 9.0 | 96.0 ± 12.4 | 95.7 ± 10.0 | 97.4 ± 13.3 | 93.2 ± 9.4 | 97.8 ± 13.2 |
| FVC < 80% predicted | 1/40 (2.5%) | 6/45 (13.3%) | 1/40 (2.5%) | 5/45 (11.1%) | 3/40 (7.5%) | 3/45 (6.7%) |
| FEV1% predicted,% | 92.0 ± 9.2 | 95.1 ± 11.8 | 92.3 ± 9.0 | 94.6 ± 12.5 | 90.4 ± 8.9 | 94.0 ± 13.2 |
| FEV1 < 80% predicted | 4/40 (10.0%) | 4/45 (8.9%) | 3/40 (7.5%) | 4/45 (8.9%) | 4/40 (10.0%) | 4/45 (8.9%) |
| FEV1/FVC% | 80.1 ± 6.4 | 83.0 ± 5.8* | 79.4 ± 6.3 | 81.9 ± 4.8* | 79.8 ± 6.7 | 82.3 ± 5.4 |
| FEV1/FVC< 70% | 2/40 (5.0%) | 1/45 (2.2%) | 2/40 (5.0%) | 1/45 (2.2%) | 2/40 (5.0%) | 1/45 (2.2%) |
| Diffusion capacity | ||||||
| DLCO% predicted,% | 82.7 ± 12.0 | 77.1 ± 11.4* | 89.4 ± 11.3 | 80.8 ± 11.2⁎⁎ | 89.5 ± 11.8 | 82.1 ± 12.9⁎⁎ |
| DLCO < 80% predicted | 14/41 (34.1%) | 21/45 (46.7%) | 7/41 (17.1%) | 23/45 (51.1%)⁎⁎ | 7/41 (17.1%) | 21/45 (46.7%)⁎⁎ |
| KCO% predicted,% | 98.0 ± 12.8 | 85.9 ± 13.2⁎⁎ | 104.2 ± 15.0 | 87.9 ± 13.5⁎⁎ | 103.0 ± 15.3 | 87.7 ± 15.1⁎⁎ |
| KCO< 80% predicted | 5/41 (12.2%) | 16/45 (35.6%) | 2/41 (4.9%) | 10/45 (22.2%)* | 2/41 (4.9%) | 15/45 (33.3%)⁎⁎ |
| VA L/min | 5.6 ± 0.7 | 4.3 ± 0.6⁎⁎ | 5.8 ± 0.7 | 4.4 ± 0.6⁎⁎ | 5.8 ± 0.8 | 4.8 ± 0.6⁎⁎ |
| Recovery rate | Discharge to Month 3 | Month 3 to Month 6 | ||||
| DLCO% predicted,% | 9.2 ± 14.0 | 4.5 ± 9.2 | 0.5 ± 8.7 | 1.9 ± 9.9 | ||
| KCO% predicted,% | 6.6 ± 11.3 | 2.7 ± 8.0 | −1.5 ± 7.2 | −0.2 ± 8.9 | ||
| VA L/min,% | 4.1 (−0.6, 6.9) | 1.90 (−1.6, 5.4) | 0.5 (−1.8, 4.2) | 1.1(−2.4, 5.2) | ||
| Lung volume | ||||||
| TLC% predicted,% | 84.9 ± 7.5 | 91.6 ± 9.1⁎⁎ | 87.9 ± 6.9 | 93.1 ± 9.9⁎⁎ | 88.2 ± 7.2 | 94.5 ± 10.3⁎⁎ |
| TLC < 80% predicted | 9/41 (22.0%) | 2/45 (4.4%)* | 5/41 (12.2%) | 4/45 (8.9%) | 4/41 (9.8%) | 3/45 (6.7%) |
| RV% predicted,% | 86.2 ± 16.2 | 90.4 ± 17.3 | 88.7 ± 14.9 | 92.2 ± 17.4 | 97.4 ± 18.0 | 99.9 ± 18.8 |
| RV < 65% predicted | 2/41 (4.9%) | 1/45 (2.2%) | 1/41 (2.4%) | 1/45 (2.2%) | 1/41 (2.4%) | 1/45 (2.2%) |
| Sequela symptoms† | 34/53 (64.2%) | 40/57 (70.2%) | 26/53 (49.1%) | 34/57 (59.6%) | 21/53 (39.6%) | 29/57 (50.9%) |
| mMRC score ≥1 | 5/53 (9.4%) | 5/57 (8.8%) | 2/53 (3.8%) | 3/57 (5.3%) | 1/53 (1.9%) | 3/57 (5.3%) |
1. Data are n/N (%), mean ± SD or median (IQR). N is the total number of patients with available data.
2. Abbreviations: FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second; FVC, forced vital capacity; DLCO, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; KCO, transfer coefficient of the lung for carbon monoxide; RV, residual volume; TLC, total lung volume; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale.
3. *p < 0.05 and ⁎⁎p < 0.01, compared with Males.
4. †: The proportion of patients with at least one sequela symptom.