Table 3.

Examples of PDT for non-cancer diseases and conditions.

Medicine	Research	Terapeutic purposes	Radiation source	Ref.
Tribenzoporphyrazines	This photosensitizer displayed high killing efficiency against S. aureus (and potentially other Gram-positive bacteria), and it showed improved bacteria cell wall permeability	Diseases caused by drug-resistant bacteria such ad S. aureus	660 nm light irradiation	[67]
TiO2/Zn-HY	Inorganic photosensitizer complex which uses TiO2 NPs doped with Zn and hypericin.	Cutaneous Leishmaniasis caused by parasite L. amazonensis	Visible light	[68]
NE-CUR	A NE-CUR has devised which enhances performance of curcumin in PDT against vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia induced by HPV.	Intraepithelial neoplasia of vulva caused by HPV infection	Operating at 447±10 nm	[69,70]
5-ALA	An effective 5-ALA based PDT system to treat MRSA infected wounds of diabetic mice, PDT kills bacteria with a mechanism that is different from antibiotics	Infection caused by drug-resistant bacteria such as MRSA-infected diabetic wounds	635 nm irradiation	[71]
Methylene blue	A clinical report describes a case of palatal ulcer that is not sensitive to antibiotics but responds well to PDT and PBMT	Palatal ulcer	660 nm-light irradiation	[72]
5-ALA with MN	A clinical trial involving 41 AA patients, most of the patients treated with this PDT approach showed reduced severity of their symptoms	Immune-mediated disorder such as AA	630 nm irradiation	[73]