Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population.
| Controls (n = 27) | Total population (n = 343) | Survival (n = 184) | Non-survival (n = 159) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Male sex, n (%) | 15 (56) | 260 (76)* | 141 (77) | 119 (75) |
| Age, y | 67.5 [66.8 - 69.3] | 62.4 [53.0 - 69.8]** | 65.1 [56.2 - 70.8] | 59.6 [50.9 - 68.4]# |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.9 [23.1 - 26.6] | 27.4 [23.8 – 30.5]* | 27.7 [24.9 - 31.4] | 26.6 [23.4 - 29.9]# |
| Etiology: DCM/CAD/HCM/other, n | 131/149/21/42 | 63/88/14/19 | 68/61/7/23 | |
| Time since diagnosis, months | 57.5 [8 - 110] | 60.0 [9 - 108] | 54.5 [8 - 120] | |
| NYHA: I+II/III/IV, n | 123/188/28 | 75/97/10 | 48/91/18 | |
| DM, n (%) | 74 (22) | 36 (20) | 38 (24) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 98 (30) | 57 (31) | 41 (26) | |
| Previous MI, n (%) | 141(41) | 82 (45) | 59 (37) | |
| COPD, n (%) | 46 (13) | 29 (16) | 17 (11) | |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| LVEF, % | 25 [20 - 35] | 25 [20 - 33] | 25 [20 - 35] | |
| Biochemistry | ||||
| WBC, 109/L | 5.2 [4.6-6.4] | 7.7 [6.4 - 9.2]*** | 7.7 [6.2 - 9.2] | 7.7 [6.5 - 9.1] |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.732 | 86 [75 - 90] | 67 [49 - 89]** | 67[49 - 89] | 66 [48 - 89] |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.7 [5.3 – 6.6] | 4.1 [3.3 – 4.8]*** | 4.1 [3.3 - 5.0] | 4.1 [3.2 – 4.9] |
| NT-proBNP, pmol/L | 9 [4.4 - 14] | 230 [102 – 455]*** | 191[86.75 – 382.5] | 278 [133 - 592] ## |
| CRP, mg/L | 1.2 [0.7 - 3.2] | 3.2 [1.4 – 7.2]** | 2.5 [1.1 – 5.7] | 4.0 [2.0 - 8.6] ### |
| Medication, n (%) | ||||
| ACE inhibitors/ARBs | 317 (93) | 143 (78) | 115 (72) | |
| β-Blockers | 318 (93) | 170 (92) | 148 (94) | |
| Diuretics | 288 (84) | 147 (80) | 141 (89)* | |
| Oral Anticoagulants | 192 (56) | 96 (52) | 96 (60) | |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 180 (53) | 102 (55) | 78 (50) | |
| Statins | 209 (61) | 115 (63) | 94 (60) |
BMI, body mass index; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; CAD, coronary artery disease; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; NYHA, New York Heart Association functional class; DM, diabetes mellitus; MI, myocardial infarction; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; WBC, white blood cell count; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide; CRP, C-reactive protein; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker. Values are presented as frequency (%) or median [interquartile range] as appropriate. *p < 0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 patients vs controls, #p < 0.05, ##p<0.01, ###p<0.001 non-survival vs survival.