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. 2021 May 15;71(1):13–24. doi: 10.1007/s00262-021-02956-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Impaired rituximab-induced degranulation in CD56^dim NK cells from EBV+ HL compared to EBV- HL patients. Overnight rIL-2-pre-stimulated PBMCs from 7 EBV+ HL and 7 EBV- HL patients were co-cultured with LCL721.221 cell line (LCL221) without or with 1 μg/ml of rituximab (Rit) at an effector to target ratio of 10:1 for 5 h. Frequencies of degranulating CD107a⁺ cells within CD56^dim NK cells a of EBV+(filled circles) and EBV-(open circles) HL patients. b Frequencies of CD16⁺ cells within CD56^dim of EBV+ and EBV- HL patients in different experimental conditions (medium control or LCL221; without or with 1 μg/ml rituximab). c CD16 downregulation between the condition LCL221 without rituximab (LCL_-Rit in Fig. 2b) and LCL221 with rituximab (LCL_+Rit) is depicted as delta. d PBMCs of 5 EBV+ HL, 5 EBV- HL patients and 5 healthy controls (HC) were thawed, incubated overnight without rIL2 pre-stimulation and co-cultured the next day with LCL221 in the presence of 1 μg/ml of rituximab at an effector to target ratio of 10:1 for 5 h. Frequencies of degranulating CD107a⁺ cells within the CD56^dim NK cells of EBV+ HL (filled circles), EBV- HL (open circles) and HC (triangles). e Plasma EBV DNA levels (copies/ml of plasma) of EBV+ (filled circles, n=10) and EBV-seropositive EBV- (open circles, n=25) HL patients. EBV+ HL patients were further delineated according to the clinical stage, i.e., early stage I and II (filled circles) vs. advanced stage III and IV (filled triangles). Horizontal lines indicate the mean value in Fig. 2a-e. Displayed P values were determined by unpaired t test for comparison of 2 groups (Fig. 2a, c and e), by the one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test for comparison of 3 groups (Fig. 2d) and by the paired t test for paired samples (Fig. 2b)