Table 1.
Clinical patient characteristics
| Characteristics | Case group (n = 11) n (%) | Control group (n = 22) n (%) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||
| Average | 69.1 | 69.1 | |
| Median (range) | 71 (50–81) | 71 (51–86) | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 10 (90.9) | 20 (90.9) | |
| Female | 1 (9.1) | 2 (9.1) | |
| Smoking history | |||
| Current | 1 (9.1) | 2 (9.1) | 1.00 |
| Past | 10 (90.9) | 17 (77.3) | 0.64 |
| Never | 0 | 3 (13.6) | 0.53 |
| Histology | |||
| Adenocarcinoma | 7 (63.6) | 17 (77.3) | 0.44 |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 4 (36.4) | 4 (18.2) | 0.39 |
| Not otherwise specified | 0 | 1 (4.5) | 1.00 |
| PD-L1 expression [TPS (%)] | |||
| <1% | 0 | 4 (18.2) | 0.28 |
| 1–49% | 2 (18.2) | 4 (18.2) | 1.00 |
| ≥50% | 3 (27.3) | 5 (22.7) | 1.00 |
| Unknown | 6 (54.5) | 9 (40.9) | 0.49 |
| Stage | |||
| III | 4 (36.4) | 3 (13.6) | 0.19 |
| IV | 7 (63.6) | 19 (86.4) | 0.19 |
| History of lung surgery | 3 (27.3) | 4 (18.2) | 0.66 |
| History of radiation therapy | 6 (54.5) | 8 (36.4) | 0.46 |
| History of illness | |||
| Pulmonary emphysema and COPD | 1 (9.1) | 2 (9.1) | 1.00 |
| Treatment line | |||
| 1 | 2 (18.2) | 6 (27.3) | 0.69 |
| 2 | 4 (36.4) | 2 (9.1) | 0.15 |
| 3 | 2 (18.2) | 8 (36.4) | 0.43 |
| ≥4 | 3 (27.3) | 6 (27.3) | 1.00 |
| ICI | |||
| Nivolumab | 7 (63.6) | 11 (50.0) | 0.71 |
| Pembrolizumab | 3 (27.3) | 9 (40.9) | 0.70 |
| Atezolizumab | 1 (9.1) | 2 (9.1) | 1.00 |
| History of interstitial pneumonia | |||
| Radiation pneumonitis | 5 (45.5) | 4 (18.2) | 0.12 |
| ICI-induced interstitial pneumonia | 4 (36.4) | 5 (22.7) | 0.43 |
| Idiopathic interstitial pneumoniaa | 2 (18.2) | 13 (59.1) | 0.03 |
PD-L1 programmed death-ligand 1; TPS tumor proportion score; COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICI immune checkpoint inhibitors
aIdiopathic interstitial pneumonia is an interstitial pneumonia of unknown cause