Fig. 1. MBD2 deficiency exacerbates T1D development in NOD mice.

A The incidence of diabetes in Mbd2^−/− NOD mice and their littermate counterparts. Left panel: female WT NOD (black line, n = 20) and female Mbd2^−/− NOD mice (red line, n = 16); right panel: male WT NOD (black line, n = 15) and male Mbd2^−/− NOD mice (red line, n = 13). B Plasma c-peptide levels in 8–12 weeks old pre-diabetic female WT and Mbd2^−/− NOD mice (n = 7 per group). C Representative picture of the spleen and pancreatic draining lymph nodes of 8-week-old prediabetic female WT and Mbd2^−/− NOD mice (4 mice per group). Insulitis was examined (D) and scored (E) in 5–6 and 12–15-week-old prediabetic female WT and Mbd2^−/− NOD mice respectively. Scale bar: 100 μm. The images were taken under original magnification ×200. F Representative results of insulin immunostaining in pancreas from prediabetic female WT and Mbd2^−/− NOD mice. Scale bar: 50 μm. The images were taken under original magnification ×200. Four mice per group were sacrificed at each time point (D–F). Diabetes incidence (A) was compared by log-rank test; c-peptide levels (B) was analyzed by the unpaired Student’s t test; insulitis score (E) was determined by χ² test. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.