Table 5.
Players who learned not to share meds vs players with all other patterns.
| Variables | All other patterns | Failure in level 3, success in level 4 | P value | ||
| n | 104 | 13 | —a | ||
| Behavioral intent, mean (SD) | 0.27 (0.64) | 0.13 (0.42) | .38 | ||
| Misuse behavior, mean (SD) | 0.10 (0.29) | 0.03 (0.21) | .69 | ||
| Misuse behavior 2, mean (SD)b | 0.10 (0.33) | 0.08 (0.28) | .83 | ||
| Misuse harm, mean (SD) | 0.18 (0.84) | 0.55 (1.50) | .13 | ||
| Narcan knowledge, mean (SD) | -0.03 (0.30) | -0.08 (0.17) | .47 | ||
| Opioid knowledge: harming teens, mean (SD)c | 0.12 (0.41) | 0.15 (0.38) | .83 | ||
| Opioid knowledge, mean (SD) | 0.05 (0.14) | 0.14 (0.25) | .25 | ||
| Perceived knowledge, mean (SD) | 0.91 (1.00) | 1.08 (1.04) | .64 | ||
| Safe disposal, mean (SD) | 0.08 (0.21) | 0.12 (0.26) | .35 | ||
| Safe storage, mean (SD) | 0.04 (0.20) | 0.00 (0.10) | .72 | ||
| Self-efficacy: opioid safety, mean (SD) | 0.34 (0.70) | 0.73 (0.74) | .05 | ||
| Self-efficacy: MUSE,d mean (SD) | 0.27 (0.56) | 0.33 (0.84) | .89 | ||
| Length of play, mean (SD) | 19.13 (12.77) | 27.11 (9.55) | .02 | ||
| Number of levels played, mean (SD) | 2.99 (1.54) | 4.38 (0.87) | .002 | ||
| Opioid failures, mean (SD)e | 2.38 (2.36) | 3.77 (1.88) | .03 | ||
| Gender, n (%) | .88 | ||||
|
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Female | 50 (48.1) | 7 (53.8) | — | |
|
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Male | 53 (51.0) | 6 (46.2) | — | |
|
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Nonbinary | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | — | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 14.69 (1.62) | 14.08 (1.55) | .19 | ||
| Race (grouping 1), n (%) | .54 | ||||
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A: White or Caucasian | 51 (49.0) | 6 (46.2) | — | |
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B: Black or African American | 19 (18.3) | 4 (30.8) | — | |
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C: Hispanic or Latinx | 22 (21.2) | 1 (7.7) | — | |
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D: Other or missing | 12 (11.5) | 2 (15.4) | — | |
| Race (grouping 2) = B: non-White, n (%)f | 53 (51.0) | 7 (53.8) | .84 | ||
aNot applicable.
bIndividual question asking, “Is it okay to take someone else's opioid medication if you have had the same prescription in the past?”
cIndividual question asking, “Is the opioid crisis harming teenagers in the United States?”
dMUSE: Medication Understanding and Use Self-Efficacy.
ePlayers failed the level due to an opioid misuse behavior (failure to lock up opioids, sharing opioids, etc) vs a non–opioid-related failure (failure to get a hall pass, forgetting notes, etc).
fRace grouping 2 examines participants who selected “White” as one category and every other option as “non-White.”