Table 2.
Comparison Between Egyptian and Saudi Students in Relation to Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire (MPIQ) and Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS).
| Scale | Egyptian students (N = 514) | Saudi students (N = 253) | Test | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | ||||
| Internet Addiction Test (IAT) | Average online user | 198 | 38.52 | 86 | 33.99 | X2 = 116.92 | <0.001 |
| Occasional or frequent problems | 263 | 51.17 | 59 | 23.32 | |||
| Significant problems | 53 | 10.31 | 108 | 42.69 | |||
| Mean ± SD Median (range) | 55.91 ± 17.49 55 (20–118) | 76.94 ± 26.27 74 (20–114) | t = 11.54 | <0.001 | |||
| Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire (MPIQ) | Not involved | 36 | 7.00 | 44 | 17.11 | X2 = 195.27 | <0.001 |
| Not highly involved | 450 | 87.55 | 104 | 41.11 | |||
| Highly involved | 28 | 5.45 | 105 | 41.50 | |||
| Mean ± SD Median (range) | 28.28 ± 11.11 27 (8–56) | 36.82 ± 13.62 36 (12–55) | t = 8.65 | <0.001 | |||
| Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) | Higher normal daytime sleepiness | 10 | 1.95 | 1 | 0.40 | X2 = 39.08 | <0.001 |
| Mild excessive daytime sleepiness | 33 | 6.42 | 0 | 0.0 | |||
| Moderate excessive daytime sleepiness | 128 | 24.90 | 108 | 42.69 | |||
| Severe excessive daytime sleepiness | 343 | 66.73 | 144 | 56.92 | |||
| Mean ± SD Median (range) | 17.47 ± 3.99 17 (8–35) | 16.80 ± 3.83 17 (10–30) | t = 2.27 | 0.024 | |||
IAT by (Young, 1998); MPIQ by (Walsh et al., 2010); ESS by (Johns, 1991); X2: Chi-square test; t: independent t-test; P: Probability; SD: Standard Deviation.
a
Participants who scored 5 or higher out of a possible 7 on the MPIQ were classified as being highly involved with their mobile phone, while participants who scored <3 were not involved with their mobile phone. (Choudhury et al., 2019).