. 2021 Nov 25;28(2):259–268. doi: 10.1111/cns.13766

TABLE 1.

Demographics and clinical characteristics of the pPD groups and healthy control group

	pPD‐MCI (n = 23)	pPD‐NC (n = 16)	HC (n = 22)	p
Age (year)	65.74 ± 4.67	66.94 ± 8.54	64.23 ± 5.32	0.398 ^a
Gender (M/F)	9/14	7/9	12/10	0.572 ^b
Education (y)	9.09 ± 2.64^{‡, §}	11.69 ± 3.18	11.34 ± 2.83	0.009 ^a
UPDRS‐Ⅲ score	10.70 ± 4.76§^***	7.06 ± 6.13^¶***	0.59 ± 1.62	0.000 ^c
NMSQ	12.00 ± 5.49^§***	11.06 ± 4.46^¶***	1.55 ± 1.90	0.000 ^c
HAMA	8.26 ± 5.41^§***	6.56 ± 4.60^¶***	0.50 ± 1.19	0.000 ^c
HAMD	11.22 ± 7.73^§***	9.13 ± 6.46^¶***	0.77 ± 1.97	0.000 ^c
RBDQ‐HK	26.70 ± 15.67^§***	30.75 ± 13.89^¶***	6.27 ± 6.01	0.000 ^a
MMSE	26.87 ± 2.01^{‡, §}	28.50 ± 1.71	28.36 ± 1.53	0.008 ^c
MOCA	21.61 ± 2.64^{‡, §*}	24.94 ± 2.24	26.82 ± 2.34	0.000 ^c
Attention/Working memory
DST	10.83 ± 2.35	12.25 ± 2.02	11.95 ± 2.38	0.114 ^c
TMT‐A (s)	108.91 ± 38.41^{‡, §}	76.75 ± 28.34	76.68 ± 23.36	0.000 ^c
SCWT‐C‐ right	47.19 ± 3.86^#	48.44 ± 2.76	47.50 ± 2.87	0.286 ^c
Executive
TMT‐B (s)	198.71 ± 56.35^{‡, §}	159.44 ± 41.38	160.91 ± 30.85	0.009 ^a
CDT	9.22 ± 1.17	9.38 ± 1.20	9.82 ± 0.59	0.121 ^c
VFT	17.09 ± 4.31^‡*	20.69 ± 5.20	18.77 ± 2.99	0.035 ^a
Memory
AVLT‐delayed recall	3.22 ± 1.98^{‡, §**}	5.13 ± 2.19^¶*	7.05 ± 2.66	0.000 ^a
LMT‐delayed recall	4.73 ± 2.55^{‡, §*}	7.50 ± 1.67	6.91 ± 2.32	0.001 ^c
Visuospatial function
JLOT	23.46 ± 3.11	25.56 ± 2.73	25.55 ± 2.36	0.024 ^c
HVOT	13.20 ± 4.12^{‡, §}	16.59 ± 4.27	16.50 ± 3.31	0.008 ^a
Language
Similarities	14.70 ± 4.27^§*	17.31 ± 3.63	16.95 ± 3.80	0.107 ^c
BNT	21.61 ± 4.21^{‡, §*}	24.94 ± 2.14	25.14 ± 2.88	0.003 ^c

Data are presented as mean ± SD. The results of post hoc multiple comparisons (Bonferroni or Games‐Howell for one‐way ANOVA, Bonferroni for Kruskal‐Wallis test) were indicated as: ^‡MCI‐NC; ^§MCI‐HC; ^¶NC‐HC.

Abbreviations: AVLT, Auditory Verbal Learning Test; BNT, Boston Naming Test; CDT, Clock Drawing Test; DST, Digit Span Backward Test; F, female; HAMA, Hamilton Anxiety Scale; HAMD, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; HVOT, Hooper Visual Organization Test; JLOT, Benton's Judgment of Line Orientation Test; LMT, Logical Memory Test; M, male; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; MOCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; NMSQ, Non‐Motor Symptoms Scale; pPD‐MCI, prodromal Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment; pPD‐NC, prodromal Parkinson's disease with normal cognitive; RBDQ‐HK, REM sleep behavior disorder questionnaire‐Hong Kong; SCWT‐C, Stroop Color‐Word Test task 3(Card C); TMT‐A, Trail Making Test A; TMT‐B, Trail Making Test B; UPDRS‐III, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor section; VFT, Verbal Fluency Test; y, year.

*p < 0.05.

**p < 0.01.

***p < 0.001.

^{^a}

One‐way ANOVA.

^{^b}

Chi‐square test.

^{^c}

Kruskal‐Wallis test.