TABLE 1.
Summary of studies included in ALE meta‐analysis
| N | study | Manufacturer | Sequence |
Field, T (coil, channels) |
Thickness (mm) |
Voxel Size (mm) |
Matrix Size |
FOV (mm) |
FWHM (mm) |
Modality |
Contrasts (No. of foci) |
Threshold p < (cor/uncor) |
Standard Template |
Quality scores (out of 12) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Structural image | ||||||||||||||
| 1 | Burton et al., 2002 11 | Siemens | 3D MPRAGE | 1 (NA) | 1 | 2 × 2 × 2 | 256 × 256 | 256 | 10 |
MRI (VBM) |
DLB <HC (10); AD <DLB (5) |
p < 0.05 (cor) | Talairach | 11 |
| 2 | Brenneis et al., 2004 127 | Siemens | 3D FLASH | 1.5 (NA) | 1.5 | 1 × 1 × 1 | 256 × 256 | 230 | 8 |
MRI (VBM) |
DLB <HC (7) | p < 0.05 (cor) | Talairach | 10 |
| 3 | Ishii et al., 2007 55 | General Electric | 3D SPGR | 1.5 (NA) | 1.5 | NA | NA | NA | 12 |
MRI (VBM) |
DLB <HC (2); DLB <AD (1) |
DLB <HC: p < 0.05 (cor); DLB <AD: p < 0.001 (uncor) |
Talairach | 11.5 |
| 4 | Sanchez‐Castaneda et al., 2009 128 | Philips | NA | 1.5 (NA) | NA | 0.98 × 0.98 × 1.3 | NA | NA | 8 |
MRI (VBM) |
DLB <HC (4); |
p < 0.05 (FWE) | Talairach | 12 |
| 5 | Takahashi et al., 2010 129 | General Electric | 3D SPGR | 1.5 (NA) | 1.5 | NA | 256 × 256 | 220 | 6 |
MRI (VBM) |
DLB <HC (3); AD <DLB (8) |
p < 0.001 (cor) | Talairach | 11 |
| 6 | Watson et al., 2012 12 | Philips | 3D MPRAGE | 3 (8) | 1 | NA | 240 × 216 × 180 | NA | 8 |
MRI (VBM) |
DLB <HC (9); DLB <AD (3) |
p < 0.05 (FWE) | MNI | 12 |
| 7 | Borroni et al., 2015 130 | Siemens | 3D MPRAGE | 1.5 (NA) | 1 | 1 × 1 × 1 | NA | 250 × 250 | 10 |
MRI (VBM) |
DLB <HC (9) | p < 0.001 (FDR) | Talairach | 11.5 |
| 8 | Blanc et al., 2016 131 |
Phillips /Siemens |
3D MPRAGE | 3 (8/32) | 1 | 1 × 1 × 1 |
240 × 240 × 180 /192 × 192 × 176 |
NA | 8 |
MRI (VBM) |
Pro‐DLB <HC (13); Pro‐AD <Pro‐DLB (1) | p < 0.05 (FWE) | MNI | 12 |
| 9 | Heitz et al., 2016 132 | Siemens | T1WSE | 3 (NA) | 1 | 1 × 1 × 1 | NA | 192 | 8 |
MRI (VBM) |
DLB <HC (12); AD <DLB (14); DLB <AD (2) |
p < 0.001 (uncor) | MNI | 12 |
| 10 | Peraza et al., 2016 133 | Philips | 3D MPRAGE | 3 (NA) | 1 | 1 × 1 × 1 | NA | 240 × 240 | 8 |
MRI (VBM) |
DLB <HC (1) | p < 0.05 (FWE) | MNI | 11.5 |
| 11 | Roquet et al., 2017 134 | Siemens | 3D MPRAGE | 3 (32) | NA | 1 × 1 × 1 | 192 × 192 × 176 | NA | 8 |
MRI (VBM) |
Pro‐DLB <HC (4); mild DLB <HC (1); mild AD <mild DLB (1) | p < 0.05 (cor) | MNI | 12 |
| 12 | Nemoto et al., 2021 135 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 8 |
MRI (VBM) |
DLB <HC (6) | p < 0.05 (FWE) | MNI | 12 |
| Functional imaging | ||||||||||||||
| PET | ||||||||||||||
| 1 | Imamura et al., 1997 109 | NA | NA | NA | 11 | NA | NA | NA | 10 |
PET ([18F]FDG) 185–259 MBq |
DLB <AD (5); AD <DLB (4) |
p < 0.01 (unclear) | Talairach | 10.5 |
| 2 | Ishii et al., 2007 55 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 128 × 128 | NA | 12 |
PET ([18F]FDG) 185–370 MBq |
DLB <HC (10); DLB <AD (7) |
DLB <HC: p < 0.05 (cor); DLB <AD: p < 0.001 (uncor) |
Talairach | 11 |
| 3 | Perneczky et al., 2007 136 | Siemens | NA | NA | NA | 2 | 128 × 128 | NA | 12 |
PET ([18F]FDG) 370 MBq |
DLB <HC (6) | p < 0.05 (FDR) | Talairach | 11 |
| 4 | Yong et al., 2007 137 | General Electric | NA | NA | 3.27 | 3.9 | 128 × 128 | NA | 16 |
PET ([18F]FDG) 300 MBq |
DLB <HC (10); |
p < 0.001 (uncor) | MNI | 11 |
| 5 | Teune et al., 2010 138 | Siemens | NA | NA | NA | 1 × 1 × 1 | NA | NA | 10 |
PET ([18F]FDG) 200 MBq |
DLB <HC (14); HC <DLB (18) |
p < 0.05 (cor) | MNI | 10.5 |
| 6 | Iizuka et al., 2016 111 | Siemens | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 5 |
PET ([18F]FDG) 185 MBq |
DLB <AD (3); DLB >AD (5) |
p < 0.001 (uncor) | MNI | 10 |
| 7 | Iizuka et al., 2017 139 | Siemens | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 5 | PET ([18F]FDG) 185 MBq | DLB <HC (3) | p < 0.001 (uncor) | MNI | 10.5 |
| 8 | Liu et al., 2017 140 | General Electric | NA | NA | 4.25 | 2.5 × 2.5 | 128 × 128 | NA | 10 |
PET ([18F]FDG) 250 MBq |
DLB <HC (29) | p < 0.001 (uncor) | MNI | 10 |
| 9 | Liguori et al., 2019 141 | General Electric | NA | NA | NA | NA | 256 × 256 | NA | NA |
PET ([18F]FDG) 185–250 MBq |
DLB <HC (6) | p < 0.05 (FDR) | Talairach | 11 |
| 10 | Iizuka et al., 2020 142 | Siemens | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 5 | PET ([18F]FDG) 185 MBq |
DLB <HC (3); DLB >HC (3); DLB <AD (2); DLB >AD (4) |
NA | MNI | 10.5 |
| SPECT | ||||||||||||||
| 1 | Colloby et al., 2002 94 | CamStar | NA | NA | 5.4 | 5.4 | 64 × 64 | NA | 16 |
SPECT (99mTc‐HMPAO) 500 MBq |
DLB <HC (8); DLB <AD (4) |
DLB <HC: p < 0.05 (cor); DLB <AD: p < 0.01 (unor) |
Talairach | 12 |
| 2 | Firbank et al., 2003 58 | NA | NA | NA | 3.54 | NA | 128 × 128 | NA | 10 |
SPECT (99mTc‐HMPAO) 500 MBq |
DLB <HC (2) | p < 0.001 (uncor) | Talairach | 11 |
| 3 | Takahashi et al., 2010 143 | NA | NA | NA | 8 | NA | 64 × 64 | NA | 16 | SPECT |
DLB‐P < HC (3); DLB‐nP <HC (3) |
p < 0.05 (cor) | Talairach | 11 |
| 4 | Misch et al., 2014 144 | Phillips | NA | NA | 3.56 | 2 × 2 × 2 | 128 × 128 | NA | 12 |
SPECT (99mTc‐ECD) 740 MBq |
DLB <HC (8) | p < 0.05 (FWE) | Talairach | 12 |
| 5 | Park et al., 2018 82 | Siemens | NA | NA | NA |
2.1 × 2.1 × 3.9 |
128 × 128 × 47 | NA | 16 |
SPECT (99mTc‐HMPAO) 925 MBq |
DLB <HC (14) | p < 0.01 (uncor) | Talairach | 11.5 |
All functional imaging experiments were in resting state.
Abbreviations: 99mTc‐ECD, technetium‐99 methyl cysteinate dimer; 99mTc‐HMPAO, technetium 99m‐hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime; AD, Alzheimer's disease; ALE, Anatomical/activation likelihood estimation; ASL, arterial spin labeling; cor, corrected; CTh, cortical thickness; DLB, dementia with Lewy bodies; DLB‐nP, DLB patients without parkinsonism; DLB‐P, dementia with Lewy bodies with parkinsonism; EPI, T2‐weighted echo planar; FDG‐PET, [18 F]fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography; FLASH, fast low‐angle shot; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; FOV, field of view; FSPGR, fast spoiled gradient recalled echo; GE‐EPI, gradient echo echo‐planar imaging; HC, healthy controls; MPRAGE, magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; N, study number; NA, data not available; PET, positron emission tomography; pro‐AD, prodromal Alzheimer's disease; pro‐DLB, prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies; SPGR, spoiled gradient echo imaging; T1‐TFE, T1 turbo field echo; T1WSE, T1‐weighted spin echo sequences; uncor, uncorrected; VBM, voxel‐based morphometry.