Table 3.
Update on the total number of responders per drug used to treat RBD as based on clinical interpretation
| Drug class | Drug type | N studies | N patients | YES N (%) | PARTIAL N (%) | NO N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benzodiazepine | Clonazepam1 | 51 | 1026 |
684 (66.7) |
159 (15.5) |
183 (17.8) |
| Clonazepam + Melatonin | 6 | 13 |
3 (23.1) |
6 (46.1) |
4 (30.8) |
|
| Clonazepam + Adjunctive | 10 | 69 |
41 (59.4) |
3 (4.4) |
25 (36.2) |
|
| Temazepam | 3 | 3 |
1 (33.3) |
0 (0) |
2 (66.7) |
|
| Zopiclone | 4 | 12 |
7 (58.3) |
0 (0) |
5 (41.7) |
|
| Other | 6 | 22 |
3 (13.6) |
0 (0) |
19 (86.4) |
|
| Melatonin (+ agonist) | Melatonin1 | 22 | 137 |
45 (32.9) |
37 (27.0) |
55 (40.1) |
| Melatonin + Adjunctive | 2 | 3 |
0 (0) |
2 (66.7) |
1 (33.3) |
|
| Ramelteon | 3 | 16 |
5 (31.3) |
1 (6.2) |
10 (62.5) |
|
| Agomelatine | 1 | 3 |
3 (100) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
|
| Dopamine (+ agonist) | Levodopa | 4 | 45 |
8 (17.8) |
1 (2.2) |
36 (80) |
| Pramipexole | 6 | 126 |
71 (56.3) |
4 (3.2) |
51 (40.5) |
|
| Ropinirole | 4 | 7 |
0 (0) |
1 (14.3) |
6 (85.7) |
|
| Rotigotine | 1 | 11 |
7 (63.6) |
0 (0) |
4 (36.4) |
|
| Anticholinergic | Donepezil | 4 | 56 |
1 (1.8) |
3 (5.4) |
52 (92.8) |
| Rivastigmine | 3 | 36 |
25 (69.4) |
1 (2.8) |
10 (27.8) |
|
| NMDA antagonist | Memantine | 1 | 24 | NR | NR | NR |
| Gabapentinoid | Gabapentine | 3 | 16 |
12 (75) |
0 (0) |
4 (25) |
| Pregabalin | 1 | 3 |
2 (66.7) |
0 (0) |
1 (33.3) |
|
| Noradrenergic agonist | Clonidine | 2 | 2 |
1 (50) |
0 (0) |
1 (50) |
|
Antidepressants (per class) |
SSRI | 5 | 24 |
0 (0) |
17 (70.8) |
7 (29.2) |
| Tricyclic | 6 | 9 |
1 (11.1) |
0 (0) |
8 (88.9) |
|
| Other | 3 | 8 |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
8 (100) |
|
| Antipsychotics | Mixed types | 6 | 9 |
3 (33.3) |
1 (11.1) |
5 (55.6)* |
| Anticonvulsants | Phenobarbital | 1 | 1 |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (100) |
| Lamotrigine | 1 | 1 |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (100) |
|
| Oxcarbazepine | 1 | 1 |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (100) |
|
| Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid | Sodium oxybate | 4 | 4 |
4 (100) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
| Sodium oxybate + Pramipexole | 1 | 1 |
1 (100) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
|
| Other | Yi-Gan San | 2 | 18 |
13 (72.2) |
0 (0) |
5 (27.8) |
| Yi-Gan San + Adjunctive | 1 | 19 |
4 (21.1) |
0 (0) |
15 (78.9) |
|
| Cannabidiol | 1 | 4 |
4 (100) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
|
| Aspirin | 1 | 1 |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (100) |
|
| Metropolol | 1 | 1 |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (100) |
% = Percentage of total sample per drug type; YES = Full responders, authors reported clear and sustained improvements without side effects; PARTIAL = Partial responders, authors reported improvements, but with some RBD symptoms remaining or some non-troublesome side-effects occurring; NO = Non-responders, authors reported no sustained improvement or the treatment was discontinued due to troublesome side-effects; 1 = Currently the first-line treatment options; * = Some of the antipsychotic drugs induced or worsened RBD. Abbreviations: SSRI = Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor; NMDA = N-Methyl-D-aspartate; NR = Not reported