Table 3.
Clinical outcomes according to clusters in each trial
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Difference (95% CI) | P value | |
| Training set | ||||
| FACTT | n=407 | n=294 | ||
| 60-day mortality, no. (%) | 94 (23.1) | 102 (34.7) | 11.6% (4.9% to 18.3%) | 0.001 |
| 90-day mortality, no. (%) | 103 (25.4) | 106 (36.3) | 10.9% (4.1% to 17.8%) | 0.002 |
| Ventilator-free days at day 28 | 19.0 (0.0–24.0) | 10.0 (0.0–21.0) | −9.0 (–11.9 to –6.1) | <0.001 |
| Duration of ventilation in survivors, days | 8.0 (4.0–13.0) | 10.0 (7.0–19.0) | 2.0 (0.5 to 3.5) | <0.001 |
| EDEN | n=449 | n=328 | ||
| 60-day mortality, no. (%) | 87 (19.4) | 90 (27.4) | 8.1% (2.1% to 14.0%) | 0.010 |
| 90-day mortality, no. (%) | 90 (20.0) | 93 (28.4) | 8.3% (2.3% to 14.3%) | 0.009 |
| Ventilator-free days at day 28 | 21.0 (0.0–25.0) | 15.0 (0.0–22.2) | −6.0 (–8.1 to –3.9) | <0.001 |
| Duration of ventilation in survivors, days | 6.0 (4.0–11.0) | 8.0 (6.0–18.0) | 2.0 (0.9 to 3.1) | <0.001 |
| Validation set | ||||
| ALVEOLI | n=336 | n=157 | ||
| 60-day mortality, no. (%) | 59 (17.6) | 68 (43.3) | 25.8% (17.7% to 33.8%) | <0.001 |
| 90-day mortality, no. (%) | 60 (18.1) | 70 (45.5) | 27.3% (19.2% to 35.5%) | <0.001 |
| Ventilator-free days at day 28 | 21.0 (4.8–25.0) | 2.0 (0.0–19.0) | −19.0 (–20.8 to –17.2) | <0.001 |
| Duration of ventilation in survivors, days | 7.0(4.0,13.0) | 11.0 (6.0–22.2) | 4.0 (2.1 to 5.9) | <0.001 |
| ARMA | n=279 | n=100 | ||
| 60-day mortality, no. (%) | 69 (24.8) | 42 (42.0) | 17.2% (6.9% to 27.5%) | 0.002 |
| 90-day mortality, no. (%) | 70 (25.5) | 42 (42.0) | 16.5% (6.0% to 26.9%) | 0.003 |
| Ventilator-free days at day 28 | 17.0 (0.0–24.0) | 2.0 (0.0–19.0) | −15.0 (–18.6 to –11.4) | <0.001 |
| Duration of ventilation in survivors, days | 7.0 (4.0–13.8) | 11.0 (5.0–18.0) | 4.0 (1.5 to 6.5) | 0.018 |
| SAILS | n=319 | n=188 | ||
| 60-day mortality, no. (%) | 80 (25.1) | 60 (31.9) | 6.8% (–1.2% to 14.9%) | 0.119 |
| 90-day mortality, no. (%) | 81 (25.4) | 63 (33.5) | 8.1% (0.0% to 16.3%) | 0.063 |
| Ventilator-free days at day 28 | 21.0 (0.0–25.0) | 16.0 (0.0–23.0) | −5.0 (–7.3 to –2.7) | <0.001 |
| Duration of ventilation in survivors, days | 6.0 (3.0–10.0) | 8.0 (5.0–14.0) | 2.0 (0.7 to 3.3) | <0.001 |
| ART | n=211 | n=298 | ||
| 28-day mortality, no. (%) | 81 (38.4) | 180 (60.4) | 22.0% (13.4% to 30.7%) | <0.001 |
| Ventilator-free days at day 28 | 0.0 (0.0–17.0) | 0.0 (0.0–7.8) | −0.0 (–1.0 to 1.0) | <0.001 |
| Duration of ventilation in survivors, days | 12.0 (8.0–20.0) | 13.5 (8.0–20.0) | 2.0 (–0.3 to 4.2) | 0.570 |
Data are median (quartile 25th–quartile 75th) or N (%). Difference is mean difference with (95% CI) for binomial variables and median difference with (95% CI) for continuous variables.