Table 1.
Demographics clinical parameters.
|
Healthy Control N = 16 |
COVID-19 N = 32 |
Myocarditis N = 22 |
P ANOVA | P | P | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control vs. COVID-19 | Control vs. Myocarditis | COVID-19 vs. Myocarditis | |||||
| Patient characteristics | |||||||
| Age, years | 24 ± 5 | 48 ± 14 | 32 ± 15 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.031 | 0.004 |
| Male, N (%) | 8 (50) | 19 (59) | 17 (77) | 0.54 | 0.08 | 0.17 | |
| BMI | 22 ± 3 | 26 ± 5 | 26 ± 5 | 0.005 | 0.004 | 0.030 | 0.75 |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 0 (0) | 13 (42) | 3 (19), N = 16 | 0.012 | 0.12 | 0.14 | |
| Diabetes, N (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 1 (6), N = 16 | 0.48 | 0.31 | 0.22 | |
| Hypercholesterolemia, N (%) | 0 (0) | 8 (26) | 2 (13), N = 16 | 0.029 | 0.14 | 0.31 | |
| Known CAD, N (%) | 0 (0) | 3 (10) | 1 (6), N = 16 | 0.21 | 0.31 | 0.71 | |
| Smoking, N (%) | 0 (0) | 13 (41) | 5 (31), N = 16 | 0.003 | 0.015 | 0.53 | |
| COPD or asthma, N (%) | 0 (0) | 3 (10) | 2 (13), N = 16 | 0.21 | 0.14 | 0.74 | |
| Systolic Blood pressure, mm Hg | 112 ± 17 | 119 ± 15 | 114 ± 19 | 0.50 | 0.92 | 0.72 | |
| Diastolic Blood pressure, mm Hg | 68 ± 11 | 73 ± 11 | 66 ± 10 | 0.26 | 0.90 | 0.09 | |
| Heart rate, beats per min | 65 ± 5 | 78 ± 15 | 88 ± 22 | 0.83 | 0.94 | 0.91 | |
| Blood test results | |||||||
| High-sensitivity CRP, mg/dL | 4 ± 9, N = 23 | 8 ± 12, N = 18 | 0.17 | ||||
| Elevated hsCRP, N (%) | 5 (22), N = 23 | 10 (56), N = 18 | 0.033 | ||||
| Elevated Troponin, N (%) | 9 (45), N = 20 | 10 (71), N = 14 | 0.17 | ||||
| CK, U/L | 70 ± 37, N = 22 | 343 ± 396, N = 20 | <0.001 | ||||
| CK-MB, U/L | 18 ± 5, N = 15 | 37 ± 25, N = 20 | <0.001 | ||||
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 1291 ± 2484, N = 23 | 2194 ± 2360, N = 17 | 0.19 | ||||
| Elevated NT-proBNP, N (%) | 6 (24), N = 25 | 15 (88), N = 17 | <0.001 | ||||
| eGFR, mL/min | 83 ± 24, N = 26 | 95 ± 16, N = 17 | 0.045 | ||||
| Medication | N = 32 | N = 16 | |||||
| Oral Anticoagulants, N (%) | 4 (13) | 2 (13) | 0.70 | ||||
| Statins, N (%) | 3 (9) | 1 (6) | 0.51 | ||||
| β-blockers, N (%) | 14 (44) | 8 (50) | 0.59 | ||||
| Diuretics, N (%) | 12 (38) | 6 (38) | 0.43 | ||||
| Nitrates, N (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.99 | ||||
| ACE inhibitors, N (%) | 10 (31) | 3 (19) | 0.14 | ||||
| Sartans, N (%) | 5 (16) | 1 (6) | 0.20 | ||||
| Calcium Antagonists, N (%) | 2 (6) | 0 (0) | 0.23 | ||||
| Symptoms | N = 32 | N = 16 | |||||
| Initial Presentation | |||||||
| Fever, N (%) | 19 (59) | 5 (31) | 0.07 | ||||
| Chest pain, N (%) | 8 (25) | 9 (56) | 0.033 | ||||
| Dyspnea, N (%) | 20 (63) | 9 (56) | 0.68 | ||||
| Arrythmia, N (%) | 1 (3) | 7 (44) | <0.001 | ||||
| Cough, N (%) | 24 (75) | 1 (6) | <0.001 | ||||
| Nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, N (%) | 11 (34) | 3 (19) | 0.26 | ||||
| Fatigue/weakness, N (%) | 24 (75) | 11 (69) | 0.65 | ||||
| Amnesia, N (%) | 10 (31) | 5 (31) | 0.99 | ||||
| Lack of taste or smell, N (%) | 21 (66) | 0 (0) | <0.001 | ||||
| Persistent | |||||||
| Fatigue/weakness, N (%) | 9 (28) | 0 (0) | 0.019 | ||||
| Amnesia, N (%) | 2 (6) | 0 (0) | 0.31 | ||||
| Lack of taste or smell, N (%) | 2 (6) | 0 (0) | 0.31 | ||||
| Arrythmia, N (%) | 9 (28) | 3 (19) | 0.48 |
BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19 coronavirus disease; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; CK, creatin-kinase; NT- proBNP, N-terminal pro-b type natriuretic peptide; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACE, acetyl coenzyme A.
For comparison of the continuous variables, ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's tests were used, for categorial variables Chi-square or Fischer tests test were used, a P < 0.05 was considered significant. For incomplete set of data, N represents the number of subjects included in the analysis. Statistically significant p-values are indicated in bold.