Table 2.

Summary of the BP-lowering effect in HF prevention (primary prevention) [49, 58–60, 67, 73]

Disease status	Intervention (BP target or drugs)	Findings	Reference number
HT	HYVET: active-treatment group versus placebo active-treatment (indapamide and perindopril) SBP target <150/80 mm Hg	RR reduction of fatal and nonfatal HF by 64% in active-treatment arm	[67]
	SPRINT: intensive control versus standard control SBP target <120 mm Hg versus <140 mm Hg	RR reduction of HF by 38% in intensive control arm	[49]
HT	SPRINT: intensive control versus standard control SBP target <120 mm Hg versus <140 mm Hg	RR reduction of new AF by 26% in intensive arm	[58]
HT	SPRINT: intensive control versus standard control SBP target <120 mm Hg versus <140 mm Hg	No difference in LVM index between intensive versus standard arm (mean ± SE −2.7 ± 0.5 g vs. −2.3 ± 0.7 g; p = 0.368)	[73]
	LIFE trial: losartan versus atenolol	Greater reduction in LVM index between losartan versus atenolol (−21.7 ± 21.8 vs. −17.7 ± 19.6 g/m2; p = 0.021)	[59]
	Meta-analysis: ACEi versus ARB versus β-blocker versus CCB versus diuretic	Greater reduction in LVM index between ARB, ACEi, CCB versus β-blocker	[60]

BP, blood pressure; AF, atrial fibrillation; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; β-blocker, beta-blockers; CCB, calcium channel blockers; CI, confidence interval; HF, heart failure; HYVET, the hypertension in the very elderly trial; LIFE, the losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension trial; LVM, left ventricular mass; RR, relative risk; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SPRINT, systolic blood pressure intervention trial; HT, hypertension.