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. 2021 Dec 10;56:101417. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101417

Figure 1.

Figure 1

In vitro systems to study immune responses in T1D. Thymic organ culture systems (A) allow the study of the selection of T1D autoreactive TCRs in an in vitro system in human fetal thymus or HLA transgenic fetal mouse thymus using TCR-transduced HSCs from a fetal donor or T1D versus healthy control adult donors. The other three models presented, the inflammation- and/or islet-based microphysiological systems (B), iPSC-derived co-culture systems (C) and living pancreas slices (D), are suitable for functional assays to study the interactions of human β-cells and immune cells.