Table 1.
Characteristics of the study group.
| Variables | Men n = 39 | Women n = 61 | Mann-Whitney U-test/Chi2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median (quartiles) | Median (quartiles) | P | |
| Age [years] | 78 (77-80) | 79 (77-81) | ns |
| Body mass [kg] | 77.2 (71.7-84.6) | 68 (59-78) | 0.0001 |
| BMI [kg/m2] | 27.9 (25.7-30) | 27.4 (24.7-31) | ns |
| Muscle Mass [kg] | 28.2 (26.3-30.4) | 17.2 (16.1-19) | <0.0001 |
| Muscle Mass [%] | 35.9 (34.9-39.1) | 25 (23.8-27.4) | <0.0001 |
| SMI [kg/m2] | 10.1 (9.6-10.6) | 7 (6.6-7.6) | <0.0001 |
| ASM [kg] | 22.2 (19.9-23.1) | 15.5 (14.2-17) | <0.0001 |
| ASMI [kg/m2] | 7.73 (7.29-8.16) | 6.37 (5.89-6.89) | <0.0001 |
| Fat mass [kg] | 18.2 (15.4-22) | 24.7 (18.2-29.4) | 0.001 |
| Fat Mass [%] | 23.9 (20.4-26.1) | 35.6 (30.2-38.9) | <0.0001 |
| Gait speed [m/s] | 1.15 (1.03-1.28) | 1.23 (1.07-1.40) | 0.03 |
| Handgrip strength [kg] | 36 (31-43) | 22 (19.5-25) | <0.0001 |
| Chair Stand Test [sec] | 10.5 (9.8-12.5) | 11 (10.5-12.6) | 0.013 |
| TUG | 6.8 (6.4-8.3) | 7.35 (6.5-8.4) | ns |
| SPPB | 12 (11-12) | 11 (11-12) | ns |
| FSH [mIU/mL] | 12.8 (8.5-23) | 87.3 (69-102) | <0.0001 |
| LH [mIU/mL] | 6.3 (3.7-10) | 19.2 (16.1-25.4) | <0.0001 |
| Estradiol [pmol/L] | 113 (95.8-143) | 52.6 (45.9-63.2) | <0.0001 |
| Testosterone [nmol/L] | 12.1 (9.35-16) | 0.75 (0.43-1) | <0.0001 |
| DHEAS [µg/dL] | 44.3 (34.9-70.2) | 32.6 (22.5-56.3) | 0.0033 |
| Cortisol [µg/dL] | 16.7 (13.3-21.1) | 13.9 (9.55-17.1) | 0.02 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 3 (7.69) | 11 (18.03) | ns* |
| Cancer, n (%) | 8 (20.5) | 9 (14.8) | ns* |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 27 (69.2) | 41 (67.2) | ns* |
| Heart Failure, n (%) | 5 (12.8) | 18 (29.5) | ns* |
| Osteoporosis, n (%) | 2 (5.1) | 23 (37.7) | <0.001* |
| Stroke, n (%) | 4 (10.3) | 6 (9.8) | ns* |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 5 (12.8) | 2 (3.3) | ns* |
ASM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass;
ASMI, appendicular skeletal muscle mass;
SMI, skeletal muscle mass index;
ns, not statistically significant;
DHEAS, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate;
FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone;
LH, luteinizing hormone;
TUG, Timed up and go test;
SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery Test;
*Chi2 test or Fischer’s Exact test.