Table 2.
Comparison between demographic, clinical characteristics, and vascular function indices in children/adolescents with elevated Lp(a) levels and positive or negative family history of premature CAD
| Number, % | High Lp(a) levels and positive family history of premature CAD (n = 9) (34.62%) | High Lp(a) levels without family history of premature CAD (n = 17) (65.38%) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 11.1±2.8 | 9.2±4.1 | 0.214 |
| Gender (M/F) | 4/5 | 12/5 | 0.189 |
| Height, cm | 146.2±13.7 | 136.6±23.0 | 0.263 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 17.4 (15.3–20.4) | 16.0 (14.6–17.9) | 0.847 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 104.6±8.6 | 104.1±9.8 | 0.899 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 57.3±7.7 | 57.5±7.4 | 0.950 |
| HR, beats/min | 78.9±12.6 | 77.9±10.1 | 0.836 |
| cSBP, mm Hg | 87.8±8.6 | 90.4±9.3 | 0.487 |
| cDBP, mm Hg | 59.3±7.8 | 60.8±8.1 | 0.656 |
| TC, mg/dL | 162.0 (155.0–196.0) | 189.0 (160.0–200.0) | 0.285 |
| TG, mg/dL | 90.0 (41.0–107.0) | 46.0 (41.0–69.0) | 0.700 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 55.9±18.4 | 57.0±12.8 | 0.858 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 98.0±22.4 | 112.4±21.7 | 0.124 |
| ApoA1, mg/dL | 142.0±31.5 | 153.5±22.8 | 0.347 |
| ApoB, mg/dL | 86.7±15.0 | 82.3±13.6 | 0.540 |
| Lp(a), mg/dL | 106.1±46.0 | 94.7±41.3 | 0.524 |
| c-IMT, mm | 0.42±0.06 | 0.43±0.03 | 0.788 |
| PWV, m/s | 4.4±05 | 4.4±1.0 | 0.964 |
| AIx, % | 8.3±7.1 | 8.8±15.4 | 0.905 |
| SEVR, % | 132.0 (112.0–145.0) | 128.5 (116.5–140.0) | 0.500 |
One child from a single-parent family was not included in the comparisons. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). n, number of children/adolescents; M/F, male/female; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; cSBP, central systolic blood pressure; cDBP, diastolic diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; ApoA1, apolipoprotein A1; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; Lp(a), lipoprotein (a); c-IMT, carotid intima-media thickness; PWV, pulse wave velocity; AIx, augmentation index; SEVR, subendocardial viability ratio; CAD, coronary artery disease; LDL-C, LDL-cholesterol; HDL-C, HDL-cholesterol.