Table 3.
Comparison between demographic, clinical characteristics, and vascular function indices in children/adolescents with elevated Lp(a) levels and positive or negative family history of hypertension
| High Lp(a) levels and positive family history of hypertension (n = 12) | High Lp(a) levels without family history of hypertension (n = 14) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 9.4±3.7 | 10.3±3.8 | 0.561 |
| Gender (M/F) | 8/4 | 8/6 | 0.701 |
| Height, cm | 136.3±20.1 | 143.0±21.1 | 0.420 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 17.0 (14.9–18.4) | 15.7 (14.9–20.2) | 0.918 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 101.7±6.8 | 106.4±10.6 | 0.196 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 54.8±6.5 | 59.8±7.5 | 0.080 |
| HR, beats/min | 76.9±10.8 | 79.4±11.1 | 0.564 |
| cSBP, mm Hg | 86.3±8.7 | 92.3±8.5 | 0.087 |
| cDBP, mm Hg | 57.3±7.3 | 62.9±7.7 | 0.074 |
| TC, mg/dL | 174.0 (144.0–199.5) | 185.0 (162.0–200.0) | 0.377 |
| TG, mg/dL | 55.0 (44.5–83.5) | 43.5 (39.0–90.0) | 0.328 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 58.5 (46.0–61.5) | 58.0 (50.0–69.0) | 0.643 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 104.6±29.0 | 109.8±15.9 | 0.589 |
| ApoA1, mg/dL | 148.9±27.5 | 151.9±23.9 | 0.784 |
| ApoB, mg/dL | 85.1±15.1 | 81.4±12.4 | 0.546 |
| Lp(a), mg/dL | 76.5 (60.5–84.0) | 121.7 (83.7–138.0) | 0.036 |
| c-IMT, mm | 0.43±0.04 | 0.42±0.04 | 0.416 |
| PWV, m/s | 4.0 (3.5–4.6) | 4.5 (4.3–4.9) | 0.068 |
| AIx, % | 7.9±9.5 | 9.2±15.7 | 0.807 |
| SEVR, % | 130.0 (115.3–145.5) | 125.8 (113.0–140.0) | 0.520 |
One child from a single-parent family was not included in the comparisons. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). n, number of children/adolescents; M/F, male/female; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; cSBP, central systolic blood pressure; cDBP, diastolic diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; ApoA1, apolipoprotein A1; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; Lp(a), lipoprotein (a); c-IMT, carotid intima-media thickness; PWV, pulse wave velocity; AIx, augmentation index; SEVR, subendocardial viability ratio; LDL-C, LDL-cholesterol; HDL-C, HDL-cholesterol.