Table 2.
Main results of reviewed articles.
| Article | Main results |
|---|---|
| Åhman et al. (2020a) | The following variables showed significant association with incidence of dementia in the general sample: - Naming animals DT time (s) - Numbers of words recited in naming animals DT (n) - Words recited per 10 s during the naming animals DT (n) - Counting backward DT time (s) - Number of words recited in the reciting months backward DT (n) - Words recited per 10 s during the reciting months backward DT (n) The following variables were strongly associated with the incidence of dementia in younger than 72 years subsample: - Words recited per 10 s during the naming animals DT (n) |
| Beauchet et al. (2017) | Significative association in increased delta MMSE with: - Mean value of stride time in naming animals DT - CoV of stride time in naming animals DT - Delta CoV in naming animas DT |
| Ceïde et al. (2018) | Significative association with the incident and vascular dementia: - Swing time SD in DT |
| De Cock et al. (2019) | In the general sample, the initial MCI group: - Step width (cm) in “UPG + counting down from 50 in steps of two” DT differentiated between eventual AD+FTD (Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia) and non-demented people. - Gait speed (cm/s), normalized gait speed (m/s) and normalized steps/meter (steps/m) in “UPG + naming animals” DT differentiated between at risk for VascD+LBD (vascular dementia and Lewy Body dementia) and non-demented people. In older than 70 years subsample, the initial MCI group: - Step width (cm) in “UPG + counting down from 50 in steps of two” DT differentiated between non-demented and eventual AD + FTD. - Gait speed (cm/s), normalized gait speed (m/s) and normalized steps/meter (steps/m) differentiated between VascD + LBD and non-demented people. |
| Deshpande et al. (2009) | There was no significant association between DT variables and cognitive decline. |
| Donoghue et al. (2018) | There was no significant association between DT variables and cognitive decline. |
| Gillain et al. (2016) | Significative differences between demented MCI group and non-demented group in: - Gait speed (m/s) - Symmetry (absolute value) |
| Montero-Odasso et al. (2017) | Significative association between dementia progression and: - Counting backward from 100 DT gait speed (cm/s, continuous variable) - Naming animals DT gait speed (cm/s, continuous variable) - Naming animals DT gait speed cost (%, continuous variable) |
| Muurling et al. (2020) | There was no significant association between DT variables and cognitive decline |
| Nielsen et al. (2018) | There was no significant association between DT variables and cognitive decline |
| Osuka et al. (2020a) | Significative association between cognitive decline and the highest tertile of S-TMT time (s) |
| Rosso et al. (2019) | Significative association between cognitive decline progression and: - DT gait speed percent change (%) - DT gait speed (0.1 m/s) |
This table summarizes the results of the 12 analyzed prospective studies regarding dual-task prediction. DT, dual-task; TUG, Timed up and Go test; UPG, Usual pace gait; CoV, Coefficient of variation; S-TMT, Stepping Trail Making Test (consisting of a test where the participant is asked to walk inside a 1 × 1 m square divided into 16 squares of the same size numbered from 1 to 16 in an established order, stepping the squares in consecutive order) (Osuka et al., 2020b). MMSE, MiniMental State Scale; MCI, Mild Cognitive Impairment; SCI, Subjective cognitive impairment; AD, Alzheimer's disease. DT cost was calculated from the formula: [(usual pace gait parameter – gait parameter)/usual pace gait parameter] × 100. CoV = [(standard deviation/mean) × 100]. Delta mean value, and delta CoV were calculated from the formula: [dual-task–single task/(dual-task + single task)/2] × 100. Delta MMSE was calculated from the formula: [baseline MMSE–MMSE at 5 years of follow-up/(baseline MMSE + MMSE at 5 years of follow-up)/2] × 100.