FIGURE 6.

Summary of metabolic changes in GBM. A simplified model showing gene changes of metabolic enzymes during the progression of GBM. One of the most pronounced transcriptional changes during the progression of GBM is the increase in genes associated with rate limiting enzymes in glycolysis including HK2, ALDOC, GAPDH, PGK1 and PGAM1. This allows glucose to enter in the cells and be converted to pyruvate. The PPP-associated genes are upregulated as well suggesting the entrance into oxidative phase of PPP. Surprisingly, the genes associated with TCA cycle and OXPHOS are downregulated in GBM which suggests that GBM primarily relies on glycolysis for its energy needs. Figure was created using Biorender.