TABLE 1.

The composition, molar ratio and application of API-based DESs.

DESs composition	Molar ratio	API	Application	References
Menthol: Stearic acid	8:1	Menthol	Anti-microbial	Silva et al. (2019)
			Wound healing
Menthol: Myristic acid	8:1	Menthol	Anti-microbial	Silva et al. (2019)
			Wound healing
Menthol: Lauric acid	4:1	Menthol	Anti-microbial	Silva et al. (2019)
			Wound healing
Menthol: Acetylsalicylic acid	1:1	Menthol	Anti-microbial	Aroso et al. (2016)
			Dissolution enhancer
Menthol: Benzoic acid	3:1	Menthol	Anti-microbial	Duarte et al. (2017)
			Dissolution enhancer
Menthol: Phenylacetic acid	2:1; 3:1	Menthol	Anti-microbial	Duarte et al. (2017)
			Dissolution enhancer
Ibuprofen: L-Menthol	1:1	Ibuprofen	Anti-inflammatory; Penetration enhancer	Stott et al. (1998)
Ibuprofen: LD-Menthol	1:1; 7:13; 1:4	Ibuprofen	Anti-inflammatory; Penetration enhancer	Stott et al. (1998)
Ibuprofen: Thymol	2:3	Ibuprofen	Anti-inflammatory; Penetration enhancer	Stott et al. (1998)
Ibuprofen: 1,8-Cineole	2:3	Ibuprofen	Anti-inflammatory; Penetration enhancer	Stott et al. (1998)
lidocaine: Camphor	1:1	Lidocaine	Topical anesthesia	Gala et al. (2015)
			Penetration enhancer
lidocaine: Tetracaine	1:1	Lidocaine	Topical anesthesia	Gala et al. (2015)
			Penetration enhancer
Itraconazole: Phenol	1:1	Itraconazole	Anti-microbial	Park et al. (2012)
			Penetration enhancer
Cannabidiol: Phosphatidylcholine	--	Cannabidiol	Anti-inflammation; Penetration enhancer	Lodzki et al. (2003)
Ibuprofen: Methyl nicotinate	1:1	Ibuprofen; Methyl nicotinate	Anti-inflammatory; Penetration enhancer	Woolfson et al. (2000)
Ibuprofen: Menthol	1:3	Ibuprofen; Menthol	Anti-inflammatory; Anti-microbial	Aroso et al. (2015)
Ibuprofen: Limonene	1:4	Ibuprofen; Limonene	Anti-inflammatory; Anti-cancer	Pereira et al. (2019)
Paeonol: Menthol	5:5	Paeonol; Menthol	Anti-microbial; Penetration enhancer	Wang et al. (2017)
Testosterone: Menthol	1:4	Testosterone; Menthol	Anti-microbial; Penetration enhancer	Kaplun et al. (1997)