Table 5.
Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of obesity and hypertension according to energy-adjusted dietary calcium intake in HDNNCDS and CHNS.
| Variables | Energy-adjusted dietary calcium intake | ptrend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | ||
| HDNNCDS | |||||
| Obesity | |||||
| Case/N | 176/1,650 | 112/1,654 | 126/1,652 | 92/1,650 | |
| Multivariate-adjusteda | Reference | 0.65 (0.46–0.93) | 0.76 (0.54–1.07) | 0.58 (0.40–0.83) | 0.015 |
| Added adjusted for vegetable intake | Reference | 0.79 (0.52–1.18) | 0.73 (0.48–1.10) | 0.67 (0.42–1.08) | 0.084 |
| CHNS | |||||
| Obesity | |||||
| Case/N | 88/1,385 | 97/1,385 | 75/1,385 | 77/1,385 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted | Reference | 0.93 (0.70–1.25) | 0.65 (0.47–0.89) | 0.63 (0.46–0.85) | 0.001 |
| Added adjusted for vegetable intake | Reference | 1.04 (0.77–1.40) | 0.80 (0.58–1.11) | 0.92 (0.64–1.32) | 0.444 |
| Hypertension | |||||
| Case/N | 306/1,334 | 302/1,332 | 302/1,334 | 318/1,333 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted | Reference | 0.92 (0.78–1.09) | 0.77 (0.65–0.92) | 0.82 (0.69–0.97) | 0.012 |
| Added adjusted for vegetable intake | Reference | 1.01 (0.85–1.20) | 0.93 (0.77–1.11) | 1.15 (0.94–1.40) | 0.221 |
a
Multivariate-model adjusted with age, gender, BMI, alcohol consumption rate, smoking rate, physical activity, education, dietary energy intake and AHEI. BMI, body mass index; AHEI, alternative healthy eating index.