TABLE 2.
Descriptive statistics and correlations for study variables.
| Variable | N | Mean | SD | α | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |
| 1 | Anti-government fake news | 293 | 3.40 | 1.43 | 0.65 | – | 0.41** | 0.25** | 0.13* | –0.04 | −0.17** | 0.13* | –0.04 | –0.10 | −0.13* | 0.02 | −0.44* | 0.22* | –0.09 | −0.20** | −0.37** | –0.06 | –0.03 |
| 2 | Anti-government real news | 293 | 4.16 | 1.25 | 0.40 | 0.43 ** | – | 0.08 | 0.28** | −0.14* | –0.46 | 0.02 | 0.13* | 0.12* | 0.11 | 0.15** | −0.33** | –0.02 | –0.11 | −0.28** | −0.30** | −0.17** | 0.03 |
| 3 | Non-political fake news | 294 | 2.98 | 1.24 | 0.37 | 0.23 ** | 0.09 | – | 0.21** | 0.42** | 0.21** | 0.15* | –0.07 | −0.20** | −0.18** | –0.10 | 0.14* | 0.29** | 0.06 | 0.26** | 0.21** | 0.26** | 0.06 |
| 4 | Non-political real news | 293 | 4.37 | 1.16 | 0.45 | 0.18 * | 0.30 ** | 0.29 ** | – | 0.19** | 0.14* | −0.32** | 0.40 | –0.07 | 0.02 | 0.03 | –0.06 | 0.06 | 0.12* | 0.04 | –0.08 | −0.12* | 0.13* |
| 5 | Pro-government fake news | 293 | 3.06 | 1.38 | 0.71 | −0.03 | −0.13 | 0.43 ** | 0.18 * | – | 0.54** | –0.09 | –0.07 | −0.3** | −0.18** | −0.20** | 0.56** | 0.27** | −0.32** | 0.54** | 0.55** | 0.24** | 0.02 |
| 6 | Pro-government real news | 293 | 4.02 | 1.31 | 0.34 | −0.17* | −0.06 | 0.22 ** | 0.15 | 0.56 ** | – | 0.03 | 0.13* | –0.02 | –0.04 | 0.09 | 0.58* | 0.09 | 0.26** | 0.44* | 0.54** | 0.12* | 0.02 |
| 7 | Age | 278 | 36.41 | 15.85 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.11 | 0.21** | 0.07 | 0.26** | –0.05 | –0.03 | −0.15* | –0.01 | 0.02 | 0.16** | –0.06 |
| 8 | Gender | 288 | 1.43 | 0.52 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.17** | 0.24** | 0.20** | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.18** | 0.08 | 0.08 | –0.11 | –0.04 |
| 9 | Political knowledge | 293 | 6.08 | 2.00 | 0.57 | −0.13 | 0.11 | −0.22** | −0.02 | −0.28** | −0.05 | – | – | – | 0.33** | 0.44** | −0.12* | −0.24** | −0.22** | −0.29** | −0.20** | −0.16** | 0.13* |
| 10 | Science literacy | 293 | 6.59 | 1.14 | 0.23 | −0.13 | −0.08 | −0.17* | 0.02 | −0.16 | −0.07 | – | – | 0.30 ** | – | 0.13* | –0.04 | –0.12 | –0.01 | −0.27** | –0.05 | −0.15** | 0.18** |
| 11 | Political interest | 295 | 3.54 | 1.02 | 0.87 | −0.01 | 0.14 | −0.14 | 0.11 | −0.18* | 0.06 | – | – | 0.39 ** | 0.07 | – | –0.08 | –0.03 | –0.09 | –0.09 | −0.15* | –0.10 | 0.24** |
| 12 | Satisfaction with government | 295 | 3.52 | 2.55 | 0.92 | −0.46** | −0.34** | 0.15 | −0.09 | 0.56 ** | 0.58 ** | – | – | −0.19 | −0.05 | −0.07 | – | 0.05 | 0.36** | 0.64** | 0.81** | 0.24** | –0.01 |
| 13 | CMQ | 295 | 4.50 | 1.19 | 0.79 | 0.23 ** | −0.02 | 0.30 ** | 0.05 | 0.27 ** | 0.09 | – | – | −0.25** | −0.12 | −0.03 | −0.05 | – | 0.20** | 0.27** | 0.08 | 0.24** | 0.03 |
| 14 | SDO | 284 | 2.70 | 1.24 | 0.92 | −0.06 | −0.14 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.33 ** | 0.25 ** | – | – | −0.24** | −0.04 | −0.10 | 0.36 ** | 0.20 * | – | 0.50** | 0.40** | 0.09 | –0.02 |
| 15 | RWA | 285 | 2.19 | 1.20 | 0.89 | −0.20* | −0.30** | 0.28 ** | 0.03 | 0.55 ** | 0.44 ** | – | – | −0.31** | −0.29** | −0.10 | 0.65 ** | 0.27 ** | 0.49 ** | – | 0.70** | 0.34** | –0.10 |
| 16 | System justification | 286 | 3.18 | 1.71 | 0.89 | −0.37** | −0.32** | 0.22 ** | −0.09 | –56** | 0.53 ** | – | – | −0.22** | −0.07 | −0.17* | 0.81 ** | –08 | 0.40 ** | 0.70 ** | – | 0.26** | –0.02 |
| 17 | Need for closure | 287 | 3.78 | 0.81 | 0.84 | −0.09 | −0.16 | 0.24 ** | −0.07 | 0.25 ** | 0.14 | – | – | −0.19* | −0.14 | −0.13 | 0.25 ** | 0.26 ** | 0.15 | 0.36 ** | 0.27 ** | – | –19** |
| 18 | Openness | 292 | 3.79 | 0.59 | 0.66 | −0.02 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.02 | – | – | 0.15 | 0.19 * | 0.27 ** | −0.01 | 0.03 | −0.02 | −0.10 | −0.01 | −0.18* | - |
Correlations in italics are controlled for age and gender.
**p < 0.001; *p < 0.05.