Table 3.
Participant baseline clinical characteristics
| Age Group | Total (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50–64 | 65–74 | 75–84 | ≥85 | ||
| eFI score | |||||
| median | 0.028 | 0.083 | 0.139 | 0.167 | 0.056 |
| Upper: lower quartile | [0: 0.083] | [0.028: 0.139] | [0.083: 0.194] | [0.111: 0.250] | [0.028: 0.111] |
| Frailty category | |||||
| Fit | 1,273,304 (90.1%) | 272,694 (70.7%) | 120,357 (46.5%) | 37,243 (31.2%) | 1,703,598 (78.2%) |
| Mild | 127,029 (9.0%) | 94,558 (24.5%) | 99,154 (38.3%) | 49,192 (41.2%) | 369,933 (17.0%) |
| Moderate | 12,055 (0.9%) | 16,167 (4.2%) | 32,732 (12.6%) | 25,360 (21.2%) | 86,214 (3.4%) |
| Severe | 1188 (0.1%) | 2055 (0.5%) | 6882 (2.7%) | 7686 (6.4%) | 17,811 (0.8%) |
| Long-term conditions | |||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 11,359 (0.8%) | 15,381 (4.0%) | 23,978 (9.3%) | 17,553 (14.7%) | 68,271 (3.1%) |
| Coronary Artery Disease | 16,176 (1.1%) | 16,017 (4.2%) | 12,015 (4.6%) | 2419 (2.0%) | 46,627 (2.1%) |
| Dementia | 7705 (0.6%) | 7812 (2.0%) | 18,748 (7.2%) | 19,328 (16.2%) | 53,593 (2.5%) |
| Depression | 271,343 (19.2%) | 55,438 (14.4%) | 37,418 (14.4%) | 18,220 (15.3%) | 382,419 (17.6%) |
| Haemorrhagic Stroke | 3938 (0.3%) | 1959 (0.5%) | 1733 (0.7%) | 867 (0.7%) | 8497 (0.4%) |
| Heart Failure | 6219 (0.4%) | 8736 (2.3%) | 14,976 (5.8%) | 12,583 (10.5%) | 42,514 (2.0%) |
| Hypertension | 265,702 (18.8%) | 161,622 (41.9%) | 136,905 (52.8%) | 60,133 (50.3%) | 624,362 (28.7%) |
| Ischaemic Stroke | 9833 (0.7%) | 11,097 (2.9%) | 15,836 (6.1%) | 10,617 (8.9%) | 47,383 (2.2%) |
| Malignancy | 48,115 (3.4%) | 32,230 (8.4%) | 29,796 (11.5%) | 14,646 (12.3%) | 124,787 (5.7%) |
| Peripheral Arterial Disease | 8144 (0.6%) | 9541 (2.5%) | 11,073 (4.3%) | 4992 (4.2%) | 33,750 (1.6%) |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | 11,149 (0.8%) | 6244 (1.6%) | 5236 (2.0%) | 2169 (1.8%) | 24,798 (1.1%) |
| Transient Ischaemic Attack | 8065 (0.6%) | 10,774 (2.8%) | 15,795 (6.1%) | 10,916 (9.1%) | 45,550 (2.1%) |
| Diabetes | 89,567 (6.3%) | 49,954 (13.0%) | 37,755 (14.6%) | 13,514 (11.3%) | 190,790 (8.8%) |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 28,352 (2.0%) | 22,538 (5.9%) | 20,399 (7.9%) | 7395 (6.2%) | 78,684 (3.6%) |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 83,821 (5.9%) | 42,059 (10.9%) | 36,783 (14.2%) | 19,404 (16.2%) | 182,067 (8.4%) |
| Asthma | 95,438 (6.8%) | 31,682 (8.2%) | 20,747 (8.0%) | 6365 (5.3%) | 154,232 (7.1%) |
| Osteoporosis | 26,939 (1.9%) | 21,884 (5.7%) | 24,155 (9.3%) | 14,096 (11.8%) | 87,074 (4.0%) |
| Morbid obesity risk group | 46,465 (3.3%) | 9516 (2.5%) | 3799 (1.5%) | 697 (0.6%) | 60,477 (2.8%) |
| BMI category a | |||||
| Underweight | 10,660 (1.2%) | 4749 (1.6%) | 6520 (3.5%) | 5547 (8.8%) | 27,476 (1.9%) |
| Normal | 270,394 (29.3%) | 88,178 (29.9%) | 70,979 (37.9%) | 31,659 (50.4%) | 461,210 (31.4%) |
| Overweight | 350,099 (38.0%) | 119,969 (40.7%) | 72,079 (38.4%) | 18,858 (30.3%) | 561,005 (38.2%) |
| Obese | 290,704 (31.5%) | 82,017 (27.8%) | 37,970 (20.3%) | 6743 (10.7%) | 417,434 (28.5%) |
| Missing b | 491,719 (34.8%) | 90,561 (23.5%) | 71,577 (27.6%) | 56,674 (47.4%) | 710,531 (32.6%) |
| Vaccinations | |||||
| Flu vaccination | 248,157 (17.6%) | 269,364 (69.9%) | 187,976 (72.5%) | 71,906 (60.2%) | 777,403 (35.7%) |
| Pneumococcal vaccination | 119,926 (8.5%) | 231,908 (60.2%) | 184,638 (71.3%) | 77,218 (64.6%) | 613,690 (28.2%) |
| Smoking status a | |||||
| Non-smoker | 539,051 (40.7%) | 138,073 (37.9%) | 94,660 (39.7%) | 51,381 (52.4%) | 823,165 (40.6%) |
| Ex-smoker | 437,970 (33.0%) | 157,393 (43.2%) | 109,868 (46.1%) | 37,801 (38.5%) | 743,032 (36.7%) |
| Active smoker | 348,396 (26.3%) | 68,858 (18.9%) | 33,807 (14.2%) | 8904 (9.1%) | 459,965 (22.7%) |
| Missing b | 88,159 (6.2%) | 21,150 (5.5%) | 20,790 (8.0%) | 21,395 (17.9%) | 151,494 (7.0%) |
| Prescriptions | |||||
| median | 4 | 18 | 32 | 39 | 8 |
| Upper: lower quartile | [0: 15] | [4: 42] | [12: 60] | [16: 71] | [1: 29] |
a% as proportion of known values
bmissing values as % of cohort