Table 2. Mean ± SD of the discrete biomechanical variables.
Values were calculated from normal ground reaction force (GRF) waveforms predicted by the LSTM network (“Predicted”) and normal GRF waveforms measured from the force-measuring treadmill (“Measured”) across all speeds and subjects for each slope.
| Step frequency [Hz] | Contact time [ms] | Impulse [BW*s] | Active peak [BW] | Loading rate [BW/s] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slope | Predicted | Measured | Predicted | Measured | Predicted | Measured | Predicted | Measured | Predicted | Measured |
| −10° | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 215 ± 26 | 214 ± 29 | 0.33 ± 0.03 | 0.33 ± 0.05 | 2.38 ± 0.24 | 2.36 ± 0.40 | 64.7 ± 19.9 | 68.4 ± 20.6 |
| −5° | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 222 ± 23 | 223 ± 27 | 0.34 ± 0.04 | 0.34 ± 0.04 | 2.41 ± 0.25 | 2.45 ± 0.36 | 54.9 ± 16.7 | 60.6 ± 19.4 |
| 0° | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 228 ± 24 | 229 ± 27 | 0.33 ± 0.04 | 0.34 ± 0.04 | 2.42 ± 0.22 | 2.51 ± 0.36 | 42.0 ± 12.8 | 49.0 ± 17.2 |
| +5° | 3.2 ± 0.3 | 3.2 ± 0.3 | 228 ± 25 | 232 ± 26 | 0.32 ± 0.03 | 0.33 ± 0.04 | 2.36 ± 0.21 | 2.40 ± 0.33 | 34.8 ± 8.5 | 39.3 ± 13.3 |
| +10° | 3.4 ± 0.3 | 3.4 ± 0.3 | 223 ± 26 | 227 ± 26 | 0.30 ± 0.04 | 0.30 ± 0.04 | 2.24 ± 0.22 | 2.20 ± 0.29 | 30.1 ± 8.3 | 31.3 ± 12.7 |