. 2021 Jan 20;30(1):199–209. doi: 10.1044/2020_AJSLP-20-00227
This work is licensed under a Table 2.
Main effects of phonation type (singing or speech) are presented with means (standard deviations) of the weekly summary statistics of sound pressure level (SPL), fundamental frequency (f 0), cepstral peak prominence (CPP), the difference between the first two harmonics (H1–H2 ), and vocal dose measures for combined participant groups (patients and controls) in singing and speech separately.
| Variable | Main effect p |
Cohen's d | Singing M (SD) |
Speech M (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPL | ||||
| M (dB SPL) | < .0001* | 0.80 | 88.78 (5.99) | 84.43 (4.76) |
| SD (dB) | < .0001* | 0.32 | 12.47 (2.63) | 11.70 (2.12) |
| Skewness | < .0001* | 0.49 | −0.31 (0.37) | −0.15 (0.28) |
| Kurtosis | .1196 | — | 3.23 (0.70) | 3.12 (0.35) |
| f 0 | ||||
| Mode (Hz) | < .0001* | 2.27 | 319.86 (42.95) | 199.62 (19.17) |
| SD (Hz) | < .0001* | 2.91 | 95.36 (14.24) | 61.23 (8.54) |
| Skewness | < .0001* | 2.84 | 1.12 (0.35) | 2.25 (0.44) |
| Kurtosis | < .0001* | 2.49 | 5.16 (1.60) | 12.30 (3.73) |
| CPP | ||||
| M (dB) | < .0001* | 1.00 | 21.82 (1.51) | 23.15 (1.12) |
| SD (dB) | < .0001* | 1.56 | 3.97 (0.36) | 4.51 (0.33) |
| Skewness | < .0001* | 1.15 | −0.03 (0.30) | −0.31 (0.17) |
| Kurtosis | < .0001* | 0.79 | 2.60 (0.30) | 2.41 (0.16) |
| H1–H2 | ||||
| M (dB) | < .0001* | 2.34 | 9.05 (2.33) | 4.03 (1.95) |
| SD (dB) | < .0001* | 1.29 | 7.31 (0.81) | 6.29 (0.77) |
| Skewness | .0001* | 0.24 | 0.55 (0.25) | 0.69 (0.77) |
| Kurtosis | < .0001* | 1.42 | 3.07 (0.52) | 3.97 (0.73) |
| Dose | ||||
| Phonation time (%) | < .0001* | 2.91 | 2.32 (1.19) | 7.14 (2.02) |
| Cycle dose (cycles/hr) | < .0001* | 1.70 | 31,002 (16,950) | 59,442 (16,420) |
| Distance dose (m/hr) | < .0001* | 1.59 | 118.58 (67.50) | 240.48 (85.20) |
*
Significance at or below corrected α value (SPL, f 0, CPP, and H1–H2 α = .0125; Dose α = .0166).