TABLE 2.
Variables | Poor Sleep, PSQI >5 (n = 821) | Better Sleep, PSQI ≤5 (n = 762) | Unadjusted | Adjusted† | ||
n (%) | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | P * | OR (95% CI) | P | |
HIV disease status | ||||||
Viremic WLWH | 226 (27.5) | 174 (22.8) | 1.36 (1.07 to 1.74) | 0.045 | 1.26 (0.96 to 1.64) | 0.199 |
Aviremic WLWH | 353 (43.0) | 370 (48.6) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
HIV-uninfected women | 242 (29.5) | 218 (28.6) | 1.16 (0.92 to 1.47) | 1.18 (0.92 to 1.51) | ||
Age at visit, mean (SD) | 51.6 (9.0) | 49.9 (9.5) | 1.02 (1.01 to 1.03) | 0.0004 | 1.02 (1.01 to 1.03) | 0.003 |
Race/ethnicity | ||||||
Non-Hispanic Black | 482 (58.7) | 503 (66.0) | 0.47 (0.33 to 0.69) | 0.0008 | 0.56 (0.38 to 0.83) | 0.036 |
Hispanic | 110 (13.4) | 97 (12.7) | 0.56 (0.36 to 0.87) | 0.61 (0.37 to 0.99) | ||
Non-Hispanic other | 134 (16.3) | 115 (15.1) | 0.58 (0.38 to 0.89) | 0.66 (0.42 to 1.04) | ||
Non-Hispanic White | 95 (11.6) | 47 (6.2) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Education | ||||||
<High school | 268 (32.6) | 219 (28.8) | 1.13 (0.89 to 1.44) | 0.146 | 1.07 (0.82 to 1.40) | 0.140 |
High school | 252 (30.7) | 264 (34.7) | 0.88 (0.70 to 1.12) | 0.83 (0.64 to 1.08) | ||
>High school | 301 (36.7) | 278 (36.5) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Income, ≤$18,000/yr | 527 (65.2) | 431 (57.5) | 1.38 (1.13 to 1.70) | 0.002 | 1.33 (1.06 to 1.67) | 0.015 |
Unemployed | 555 (67.6) | 394 (51.7) | 1.95 (1.59 to 2.39) | <0.0001 | 1.82 (1.41 to 2.34) | <0.0001 |
Unstable housing | 155 (18.9) | 109 (14.3) | 1.39 (1.07 to 1.82) | 0.015 | 1.31 (0.98 to 1.76) | 0.067 |
Partner status, no partner | 598 (73.6) | 530 (70.4) | 1.17 (0.94 to 1.46) | 0.163 | 1.14 (0.90 to 1.44) | 0.275 |
Cigarette smoker, current | 353 (43.0) | 243 (31.9) | 1.61 (1.31 to 1.98) | <0.0001 | 1.49 (1.19 to 1.86) | 0.0005 |
Hazardous alcohol, >7 drink/wk | 82 (10.0) | 49 (6.4) | 1.61 (1.12 to 2.33) | 0.010 | 1.51 (1.03 to 2.23) | 0.037 |
Noninjection drug‡, current | 263 (32.0) | 155 (20.3) | 1.85 (1.47 to 2.32) | <0.0001 | 1.70 (1.33 to 2.17) | <0.0001 |
Injection drug§, ever | 166 (20.2) | 85 (11.2) | 2.02 (1.52 to 2.68) | <0.0001 | 1.47 (1.07 to 2.01) | 0.016 |
Menopausal status | ||||||
Menopausal | 374 (45.6) | 305 (40.0) | 1.48 (1.19 to 1.84) | <0.0001 | 1.30 (0.95 to 1.78) | 0.003 |
Not menopausal | 295 (35.9) | 356 (46.7) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
N/A due to hysterectomy | 152 (18.5) | 101 (13.3) | 1.82 (1.35 to 2.44) | 1.83 (1.29 to 2.60) | ||
Body mass index, mean (SD) | 32.8 (9.2) | 32.5 (9.0) | — | 0.580 | — | |
Underweight | 15 (1.9) | 11 (1.5) | 1.35 (0.60 to 3.06) | 0.799 | 1.22 (0.52 to 2.83) | 0.346 |
Normal | 132 (16.2) | 131 (17.3) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Overweight | 213 (26.2) | 187 (24.7) | 1.13 (0.83 to 1.54) | 1.35 (0.97 to 1.88) | ||
Obese | 453 (55.7) | 427 (56.5) | 1.05 (0.80 to 1.39) | 1.26 (0.94 to 1.70) | ||
CES-D, median (IQR) | 14 (6–24) | 4 (1–10) | 1.10 (1.09 to 1.12) | <0.0001 | 1.10 (1.09 to 1.11) | <0.0001 |
GAD-7, median (IQR) | 6 (2–11) | 0 (0–3) | 1.22 (1.19 to 1.25) | <0.0001 | 1.21 (1.17 to 1.24) | <0.0001 |
HIV-positive participants (n = 1123) | ||||||
CD4 count (cells/mm3), median (IQR) | 681 (460–918) | 680 (488–918) | — | 0.947 | — | |
CD4 count below 350 | 79 (13.6) | 78 (14.4) | 0.94 (0.67 to 1.31) | 0.709 | 0.93 (0.65 to 1.33) | 0.686 |
Viral load (copies/mL), median (IQR) | 108.5 (39–1120) | 79 (35–849) | — | 0.237 | — | |
cART adherence, ≥95% | 454 (83.9) | 448 (87.0) | 0.78 (0.55 to 1.10) | 0.158 | 0.72 (0.50 to 1.04) | 0.077 |
Owing to missing data, counts may not add up to total n = 1583. Data presented as counts (frequency), unless otherwise noted.
P values calculated from the χ2 tests for categorical variables, Wilcoxon (median), or t tests (mean).
Adjusted for age in years, race, education, income, and WIHS site.
Includes crack, cocaine, andr heroin use, any marijuana use, hallucinogens, club drugs, and methamphetamines.
Ever reported use.
IQR, interquartile range.