Figure 1.

Experiment design. A: Schematic of perturbations applied in the veridical feedback (upper panel) and noisy feedback (lower panel) sessions. Yellow denotes exposure trials in which feedback was unaltered. B: Distribution of formant perturbations in the noisy feedback session. C: Histogram of perturbation sizes in the noisy feedback session. D: Schematic of centering analysis of unaltered trials, in which trial-wise distances to the median formants for a given word are compared at vowel onset (open yellow circles) and vowel midpoint (gray dots).